"Built-up area" redirects here. For use of the term in the United Kingdom Highway Code, see Built-up area (Highway Code). "Urban zone" redirects here. For other uses, see Urban zone (disambiguation). "Urban region" redirects here. For an area in Catalonia, Spain, see Àmbit metropolità de Barcelona. "Urbanized area" redirects here. For use of the term in relation to the United States Census, see List of United States urban areas. Greater Tokyo Area, the world's most populous urban area, with about 35 million people. Urban areas with at least one million inhabitants in 2006. In 1800, 3% of the world's population lived in cities, a figure that had risen to 47% by the end of the twentieth century. World map showing percent of population living in an urban environment. An urban area is characterized by higher population density and vast human features in comparison to areas surrounding it. Urban areas may be cities, towns or conurbations, but the term is not commonly extended to rural settlements such as villages and hamlets. Urban areas are created and further developed by the process of urbanization. Measuring the extent of an urban area helps in analyzing population density and urban sprawl, and in determining urban and rural populations.citation needed Unlike an urban area, a metropolitan area includes not only the urban area, but also satellite cities plus intervening rural land that is socio-economically connected to the urban core city, typically by employment ties through commuting, with the urban core city being the primary labor market. In fact, urbanized areas agglomerate and grow as the core population/economic activity center within a larger metropolitan area or envelope. In the US, Metropolitan areas tend to be defined using counties or county sized political units as building blocks. Counties tend to be stable political boundaries; economists prefer to work with economic and social statistics based on metropolitan areas. Urbanized areas are a more relevant statistic for determining per capita land usage and densities.citation needed

Contents 1 Definitions 1.1 Australia 1.2 Canada 1.3 China 1.4 France 1.5 Japan 1.6 New Zealand 1.7 Norway 1.8 Philippines 1.9 Poland 1.10 Russia 1.11 Sweden 1.12 United Kingdom 1.13 United States 2 See also 3 References 4 External links Definitions Urbanization and condominium buildings in Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil They vary somewhat amongst different nations. European countries define urbanized areas on the basis of urban-type land use, not allowing any gaps of typically more than 200 m, and use satellite imagery instead of census blocks to determine the boundaries of the urban area. In less developed countries, in addition to land use and density requirements, a requirement that a large majority of the population, typically 75%, is not engaged in agriculture and/or fishing is sometimes used. Australia In Australia, urban areas are referred to as "urban centres" and are defined as population clusters of 1000 or more people, with a density of at least 200/km2.1 Canada Downtown Toronto (an urban area) According to Statistics Canada, an urban area in Canada is an area with a population of at least 1,000 people where the density is no fewer than 400 persons per square km2.2 If two or more urban areas are within 2 km (1.2 mi) of each other by road, they are merged into a single urban area, provided they do not cross census metropolitan area or census agglomeration boundaries.3 China In China, an urban area is an urban district, city and town with a population density higher than 1,500/km2. As for urban districts with a population density lower than that number, only the population that lives in streets, town sites, and adjacent villages is counted as urban population.4 France

In France, an urban area is a zone (aire urbaine) encompassing an area of built-up growth (called an "urban unit" (unité urbaine)5 - close in definition to the North American urban area) and its commuter belt (couronne périurbaine). Although the official INSEE translation of aire urbaine is "urban area",6 most North Americans would find the same as being similar in definition to their metropolitan area. Japan In Japan urbanized areas are defined as contiguous areas of densely inhabited districts (DIDs) using census enumeration districts as units with a density requirement of 4,000 inhabitants per square kilometre (10,000 /sq mi). New Zealand Statistics New Zealand defines New Zealand urban areas for statistical purposes as a settlement with a population of a thousand people or more. Norway Statistics Norway defines urban areas ("tettsteder") similarly to the other Nordic countries. Unlike in Denmark and Sweden, the distance between each building has to be of less than 50 m, although exceptions are made due to parks, industrial areas, rivers, and similar. Groups of houses less than 400 m from the main body of an urban area are included in the urban area.7 Philippines Metro Manila, one of the largest metropolis in the world With an estimated population of 16.3 Mio. Metro Manila is the most populous metropolitan area in the Philippines and the 11th in the world. However, the greater urban area is the 5th largest in the world with a population of 20,654,307 people (2010 estimate).8 Metro Manila is the largest and richest metropolis in Southeast Asia in terms of GDP. Including Metro Manila, the Philippines has twelve metropolitan areas as defined by the National Economic and Development Authority (NEDA). Metro Angeles, Metro Bacolod, Metro Baguio, Metro Batangas, Metro Cagayan de Oro, Metro Cebu, Metro Dagupan, Metro Davao, Metro Iloilo-Guimaras, Metro Naga, Metro Olongapo. Poland

In Poland, official "urban" population figures simply refer to those localities which have the status of towns (miasta). The "rural" population is that of all areas outside the boundaries of these towns. This distinction may give a misleading impression in some cases, since some localities with only village status may have acquired larger and denser populations than many smaller towns.9 Russia In Russia, only the population residing in cities/towns and urban-type settlements is considered to be "urban". The city/town/urban-settlement designation means usually that the majority of the population is employed in areas other than agriculture, but the exact definitions vary from one federal subject to another. Sweden Urban areas in Sweden (tätorter) are statistically defined localities, totally independent of the administrative subdivision of the country. There are 1940 such localities in Sweden, with a population ranging from 200 to 1,252,000 inhabitants.10 United Kingdom The United Kingdom's Office for National Statistics has produced census results from urban areas since 1951, since 1981 based upon the extent of irreversible urban development indicated on Ordnance Survey maps. The definition is an extent of at least 20 ha and at least 1,500 census residents. Separate areas are linked if less than 200 m (220 yd) apart. Included are transportation features.11 The 20 largest urban areas are Greater London Urban Area, West Midlands Urban Area, Greater Manchester Urban Area, West Yorkshire Urban Area, Greater Glasgow, Tyneside, Liverpool Urban Area, Nottingham Urban Area, Sheffield Urban Area, Bristol Urban Area, Greater Belfast, Brighton/Worthing/Littlehampton, Edinburgh, Portsmouth Urban Area, Leicester Urban Area, Bournemouth Urban Area, Reading/Wokingham Urban Area, Teesside, The Potteries Urban Area and Coventry/Bedworth Urban Area United States Main article: United States urban area

In the United States there are two categories of urban area. The term urbanized area denotes an urban area of 50,000 or more people. Urban areas under 50,000 people are called urban clusters. Urbanized areas were first delineated in the United States in the 1950 census, while urban clusters were added in the 2000 census. There are 1,371 urban areas and urban clusters with more than 10,000 people. The U.S. Census Bureau defines an urban area as: "Core census block groups or blocks that have a population density of at least 1,000 people per square mile (386 per square kilometer) and surrounding census blocks that have an overall density of at least 500 people per square mile (193 per square kilometer)." The concept of Urbanized Areas as defined by the U.S. Census Bureau is often used as a more accurate gauge of the size of a city, since in different cities and states the lines between city borders and the urbanized area of that city are often not the same. For example, the city of Greenville, South Carolina has a city population under 60,000 and an urbanized area population of over 300,000, while Greensboro, North Carolina has a city population over 200,000 and an urbanized area population of around 270,000 — meaning that Greenville is actually "larger" for some intents and purposes, but not for others, such as taxation, local elections, etc. The largest urban area in the United States is that of New York City, with its city proper population exceeding 8 million and its metropolitan area population almost 19 million. The next four largest urban areas in the U.S. are those of Los Angeles, Chicago, Miami and Philadelphia.12 About 79 percent of the population of the United States lives within the boundaries of urbanized area as of April, 2000 13. Combined, these areas occupy about 2 percent of the United States. The majority of urbanized area residents are suburbanites; core central city residents make up about 30 percent of the urbanized area population (about 60 out of 210 million)citation needed.

In the U.S. Department of Agriculture's natural resources inventory, urban areas are officially known as developed areas or urban and built-up areas. Such areas include cities, villages, other built-up areas of more than 10 ac (4 ha), industrial sites, railroad yards, cemeteries, airports, golf courses, shooting ranges, institutional and public administration sites, and similar areas. The 1997 national resources inventory placed over 98,000,000 ac (40,000,000 ha) in this category, an increase of 25,000,000 ac (10,000,000 ha) since 1982.14 See also Developed environments Rural Suburban Exurban Micro-urban Urban biosphere reserve Urban climatology Urban culture Urban decay Urban terrain Urban warfare Lists: List of urban areas by population Largest urban areas of the European Union List of cities in the People's Republic of China by urban population List of United States urban areas List of conurbations in the United Kingdom List of cities in Sweden by population Largest urban areas of Norway List of urban areas in the Nordic countries List of the 100 largest urban areas in Canada by population List of urban areas in Denmark by population Ranked list of New Zealand main urban areas References ^ "1216.0 - Australian Standard Geographical Classification (ASGC), 2001". Australian Bureau of Statistics. http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/0/B03C37D9D89F7C19CA256AD4007F67F8?Open. Retrieved 2007-10-09.  ^ "Urban area (UA)". Statistics Canada. 2009-11-20. http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2006/ref/dict/geo049-eng.cfm. Retrieved 2011-01-21.  ^ "More information on Urban area (UA)". Statistics Canada. 2009-11-20. http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2006/ref/dict/geo049a-eng.cfm. Retrieved 2011-01-21.  ^ Scenario Analysis on Urbanization and Rural-Urban Migration in China ^ (French) "Nomenclatures Définitions — Méthodes — Unité urbaine". http://www.insee.fr/fr/nom_def_met/definitions/html/unite-urbaine.htm. Retrieved 2007-07-20.  ^ (French) "Nomenclatures Définitions — Méthodes — Aire urbaine". http://www.insee.fr/fr/nom_def_met/definitions/html/aire-urbaine.htm. Retrieved 2007-07-07.  ^ "Population statistics. Population and land area in urban settlements, 1 January 2008". Statistics Norway. June 20, 2008. http://www.ssb.no/english/subjects/02/01/10/beftett_en/. Retrieved 2009-04-17.  ^ "World: metropolitan areas". World Gazetteer. http://world-gazetteer.com/wg.php?x=&men=gcis&lng=en&dat=32&srt=npan&col=aohdq&pt=a&va=&srt=pnan. Retrieved 2010-01-22.  ^ Polish official population figures ^ "Tätorternas landareal, folkmängd och invånare 2000 och 2005". Statistics Sweden. http://www.scb.se/Pages/Product____12991.aspx. Retrieved 2008-01-13.  ^ KS01 Usual resident population: Census 2001, Key Statistics for urban areas For the OS definition of an Urban Area, see the notes tab on the Excel version. ^ World Urbanization Prospects: The 2007 Revision Population Database - accessed August 7, 2008 ^ Table 29. Urban and Rural Population by State:1990 and 2000 - accessed November 15, 2010 ^  This article incorporates public domain material from the Congressional Research Service document "Report for Congress: Agriculture: A Glossary of Terms, Programs, and Laws, 2005 Edition" by Jasper Womach. External links United Nations Statistics Division (UNSTAT): Definition of "urban" World Urban Areas All identified world urbanized areas 500,000+ and others: Population & Density. Author seeks advice on any that appear to be missing: wcox@demographia.com Geopolis: research group,university of Paris-Diderot, France for world urban areas Gridded Population of the World - contains links to urban area definitions and maps for over 230 countries/territories City Mayors - The World's Largest Urban Areas in 2006 City Mayors - The World's Largest Urban Areas Projected for 2020 v · d · eTypes of administrative country subdivisions Smallcaps indicate a type used by ten or more countries. Current English terms

Autonomous area · Bailiwick · Banner (Autonomous banner) · Block · Borough (County borough · Metropolitan borough) · Cadastral division · Canton · Capital (Federal capital) · Circle · Circuit · City (Autonomous city · Chartered city · Independent city) · Colony · Commune · Community (Autonomous community · Residential community) · Condominium · Constituency · Council · County (Administrative county · Autonomous county · Metropolitan county) · Department · District (Autonomous district · Capital district · City district · Federal district · Metropolitan district · Municipal district · Subdistrict · Regional district) · Division · Duchy · Eldership · Federal dependency · Governorate · Hamlet · Insular area · Local administrative unit · Local Government Area · Municipality (Direct-controlled municipality · District municipality · Regional municipality · Regional county municipality · Rural municipality · Specialized municipality) · Neighbourhood · Parish (Civil parish) · Periphery · Prefecture (Autonomous prefecture · Subprefecture · Super-prefecture) · Principality (Co-principality) · Protectorate · Province (Autonomous province) · Quarter · Regency · Region (Autonomous region · Capital region · Special administrative region) · Republic (Autonomous republic) · Reservation (Reserve) · Riding · Shire · Special Area · State · Suzerainty · Territory (Autonomous territorial unit · Capital territory · Dependent territory · National territory · Union Territory) · Town · Townland · Township (Civil township) · Urban (urbanized) area · Village (Summer village) · Ward Current non-English and loanword terms

Amt · Arrondissement · Bairro · Bakhsh · Baladiyah · Barangay · Bezirk / Regierungsbezirk · Comarca · Comune · Daïra · Deme · Frazione · Freguesia · Gmina · İl · Judeţ · Kommun · Località · Megye · Nome · Oblast · Okrug · Ostān · Powiat · Raion · Ranchería · Shabiyah · Shahr · Shahrestān · Sýsla · Taluka · Tehsil · Vingtaine · Voivodeship · Wilayah · Woreda Defunct and historical English terms Agency · Barony · Burgh · Diocese · Exarchate · Free imperial city · Hide · Hundred · Imperial Circle · March · Praetorian prefecture · Presidency · Residency · Rural district · Sanitary district · Tithing · Urban district · Viscountcy (Viscounty) Defunct and historical non-English terms Commote · Heerlijkheid · Katepanikion · Liwa · Naucrary · Pagus · Pargana · Plasă · Satrapy · Theme See also: Census division · Electoral division · Political division · Arabic terms for country subdivisions · French terms for country subdivisions · Spanish terms for country subdivisions

Amt · Arrondissement · Bairro · Bakhsh · Baladiyah · Barangay · Bezirk / Regierungsbezirk · Comarca · Comune · Daïra · Deme · Frazione · Freguesia · Gmina · İl · Judeţ · Kommun · Località · Megye · Nome · Oblast · Okrug · Ostān · Powiat · Raion · Ranchería · Shabiyah · Shahr · Shahrestān · Sýsla · Taluka · Tehsil · Vingtaine · Voivodeship · Wilayah · Woreda Defunct and historical English terms Agency · Barony · Burgh · Diocese · Exarchate · Free imperial city · Hide · Hundred · Imperial Circle · March · Praetorian prefecture · Presidency · Residency · Rural district · Sanitary district · Tithing · Urban district · Viscountcy (Viscounty) Defunct and historical non-English terms Commote · Heerlijkheid · Katepanikion · Liwa · Naucrary · Pagus · Pargana · Plasă · Satrapy · Theme See also: Census division · Electoral division · Political division · Arabic terms for country subdivisions · French terms for country subdivisions · Spanish terms for country subdivisions

Amt · Arrondissement · Bairro · Bakhsh · Baladiyah · Barangay · Bezirk / Regierungsbezirk · Comarca · Comune · Daïra · Deme · Frazione · Freguesia · Gmina · İl · Judeţ · Kommun · Località · Megye · Nome · Oblast · Okrug · Ostān · Powiat · Raion · Ranchería · Shabiyah · Shahr · Shahrestān · Sýsla · Taluka · Tehsil · Vingtaine · Voivodeship · Wilayah · Woreda Defunct and historical English terms Agency · Barony · Burgh · Diocese · Exarchate · Free imperial city · Hide · Hundred · Imperial Circle · March · Praetorian prefecture · Presidency · Residency · Rural district · Sanitary district · Tithing · Urban district · Viscountcy (Viscounty) Defunct and historical non-English terms Commote · Heerlijkheid · Katepanikion · Liwa · Naucrary · Pagus · Pargana · Plasă · Satrapy · Theme See also: Census division · Electoral division · Political division · Arabic terms for country subdivisions · French terms for country subdivisions · Spanish terms for country subdivisions