"Porn Star" redirects here. For the song by Faster Pussycat, see The Power and the Glory Hole. "Porn stars" redirects here. For the album by Pretty Boy Floyd, see Porn Stars. The examples and perspective in this article deal primarily with the United States and do not represent a worldwide view of the subject. Please improve this article and discuss the issue on the talk page. (April 2011) Pornographic actor Occupation Names Pornographic actor/actress, porn star . Activity sectors Entertainment/Sex industry Description Competencies Physical appearance, ability to have and maintain erection and ejaculate on cue (males), acting ability Fields of employment Film Related jobs Actor Porn Star Jenna Jameson Porn Star Tera Patrick A pornographic actor/actress or a porn star is a person who appears in pornographic films. Most actors appear nude in films (usually filmed in explicit sexual genres). Most genres have specialists who achieve most of their recognition in a specific niche market such as lesbian sex, bondage, strap-on sex, anal sex, double penetration, semen swallowing, teenage women, interracial or MILFs. Some legal jurisdictions consider commercial pornography a form of prostitution, though most commercial sex film performers do not regard themselves as prostitutes for various reasons, but rather as actors or models.citation needed Most notably these performers are not paid directly by their sexual partners for the sex, but both are paid through a studio or Talent Management Agency. Contents 1 History 2 Legal challenges within the United States 3 Female performers 4 Male performers 5 Pay rates 6 Pornographic actors and STDs 7 Autobiographies 8 See also 9 References 10 External links History ‹ The template below (Ref improve section) is being considered for deletion. See templates for discussion to help reach a consensus.› This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding reliable references. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (February 2010) Performers have appeared in sex films since the era of photography began. Many "penny arcades" of the early 1900s had hand-cranked films and rotoscope (Holmes-style Stereoscope) glasses that featured nudity. These penny arcade attractions depicted topless women, full frontal nudity, and even sexual coupling. Performers in these early photograph and film recordings usually chose to remain anonymous to avoid legal sanction and social approbation.

Linda Lovelace, an American pornographic actress of the early '70's, is often seen as the first modern porn star with appreciable name recognition outside her genre. Lovelace starred in the 1972 feature Deep Throat. It was Casey Donovan who starred in the very first mainstream pornographic hit, Boys in the Sand,1 in 1971, nearly a year before Deep Throat, but it was the success of Deep Throat that encouraged the ascension of more such stars and the production of more such films. Examples include Marilyn Chambers (Behind the Green Door), Gloria Leonard (The Opening of Misty Beethoven), Georgina Spelvin (The Devil in Miss Jones), and Bambi Woods (Debbie Does Dallas). The 70's have been called The Golden Age of Porn, a time when pornographic films were shown in public theaters and accepted (or at least tolerated) for public consumption.2 This "golden age" lasted, approximately, from 1970 through the late-70's or early 1980s. Sex films of this era had specific storylines, plots, and promotional budgets. Performers became celebrities. Such performers include Peter Berlin, John Holmes, Ginger Lynn Allen, Porsche Lynn, Desiree Cousteau, Juliet Anderson ("Aunt Peg"), Lisa De Leeuw, Veronica Hart, Nina Hartley, Harry Reems, Seka, and Amber Lynn. Once people could watch adult movies in the privacy of their own homes, first on VCR and later on DVD, a new adult market developed that far exceeded the scope of its theater-centric predecessor. More recently, the Internet has served as catalyst for creating a still-larger market for porn, a market that is even less traditionally theatrical. There are hundreds of adult film companies today, releasing tens of thousands of productions, recorded directly on video, with minimal sets. Of late, web-cams and web-cam recordings are again expanding the market. Thousands of pornographic actors work in front of the camera (and still thousands more behind the scenes) working to satisfy pornography consumers' demand. Legal challenges within the United States The examples and perspective in this article deal primarily with the United States and do not represent a worldwide view of the subject. Please improve this article and discuss the issue on the talk page. (August 2010) Attempts were made in the 1970s to outlaw pornography in the United States by prosecuting porn stars for prostitution. The case was initially made in California, and stopped short of advancing the case to the United States Supreme Court for a final decision. It was this decision and acceptance to let stand whereby the California Court made a legal distinction in the case of People v. Freeman between someone who took part in a sexual relationship for money (prostitution) versus someone who takes on the act of merely portraying role where a sexual relationship was engaged in on-screen act as part of their acting performance. It is this specific legal distinction between pornography and prostitution in California law that has allowed California to become the porn center of the United States.

At present, no other state in the United States has either implemented or accepted this legal distinction between commercial pornography performers versus prostitutes as shown in the Florida case where sex film maker Clinton Raymond McCowen, aka "Ray Guhn", was indicted on charges of "soliciting and engaging in prostitution" for his creation of pornography films which included "McCowen and his associates recruited up to 100 local men and women to participate in group sex scenes, the affidavit says."3 The distinction that California has in its legal determination in the Freeman decision is usually denied in most states' local prostitution laws, which do not specifically exclude performers from such inclusion. In some cases, some states have ratified their local state laws for inclusion to prevent California's Freeman decision to be applied to actors who are paid a fee for sexual actions within their state borders. One example is the state of Texas whose prostitution law specifically states: An offense is established under Subsection (a)(1) whether the actor is to receive or pay a fee. An offense is established under Subsection (a)(2) whether the actor solicits a person to hire him or offers to hire the person solicited.4 Female performers According to actor-turned-director Jonathan Morgan, "The girls could be graded like A, B and C. The A is the chick on the boxcover. She has the power. So she'll show up late or not at all. 99.9% of them do that."5 Less successful actresses are more likely to perform more extreme acts such as 'double-anal'.5 If an actress is willing to perform more extreme acts she will receive more offers of work.5 Older or less attractive actresses are more likely to perform such acts in order to get work.5 According to Morgan, "Some girls are used up in nine months or a year. An 18-year-old, sweet young thing, signs with an agency, makes five films in her first week. Five directors, five actors, five times five: she gets phone calls. A hundred movies in four months. She's not a fresh face any more. Her price slips and she stops getting phone calls. Then it's, 'Okay, will you do anal? Will you do gangbangs?' Then they're used up. They can't even get a phone call. The market forces of this industry use them up."5 Some film studios encourage their actresses to have breast implants, and offer to pay for the procedure.5 Male performers Ron Jeremy was ranked by AVN at number one in their "100 Top Porn Stars of All Time" list,6 and is listed in the Guinness Book of World Records for "Most Appearances in Adult Films".7 Pornstars: Marcus London, Evan Stone, and Tommy Gunn

While the primary focus of heterosexual sex films are the women in them, who are mostly selected for their on-screen appearance, there is a definite focus on the male performers who are able to fulfill the desires of the male watching audience as their on-screen proxies. Most male performers in heterosexual pornography are generally selected less for their looks than for their sexual prowess, namely their ability to do three things: achieve an erection while on a busy film set, maintain that erection while performing on camera, and then ejaculate on cue.8 In the past an actors' inability to maintain an erection could make the difference between a film turning a profit or a loss.5 However this problem has been solved by the use of Viagra.5 If an actor loses his erection, filming is forced to stop for about 45 minutes whilst the drug takes effect.5 Using Viagra can make the actor's face noticeably flushed, give him a headache, and make it difficult to ejaculate.5 According to director John Stagliano, using Viagra means "You also lose a dimension." "The guy's fucking without being aroused."5 Ron Jeremy, John Holmes, Peter North and Rocco Siffredi are considered by AVN as the top male performers of all time. Adding to his fame, Ron Jeremy has been a staple in the industry since the 1970s and has become something of a cultural icon.6 Pay rates Most male performers in straight porn are paid less than their female costars. Ron Jeremy has commented on the pay scale of women and men of the sex film industry: in 2003 "Girls can easily make 100K-250K per year, plus stuff on the side like strip shows and appearances. The average guy makes $40,000 a year."9 and in 2008 "The average guy gets $300 to $400 a scene, or $100 to $200 if he's new. A woman makes $100,000 to $250,000 at the end of the year."10 In 2011, the manager of Capri Anderson said "A contract girl will only shoot for one company, she won’t shoot for anyone else. Most actresses in the adult industry are free agents - they’ll shoot for anyone. Being a contract girl is kind of a big deal. Most contract girls make $60,000 a year, which isn’t very much... In one year, a contract girl will shoot four movies, and each movie takes about two or three weeks to shoot."11 Some state that gay male porn generally pays men much more than heterosexual porn; a number of male performers, including Peter North, have appeared in both heterosexual and gay pornography.12 Ostensibly, men who perform in gay pornography but identify themselves as heterosexual, most notably Wolf Hudson, are said to do gay-for-pay, that is, perform in gay movies only for the paycheck, not because of any personal attraction they have to other men.

According to producer Seymore Butts, who runs his own sex-film recruitment agency, as well as producing sex films; "depending on draw, female performers who perform in both straight and lesbian porn earn more than those who do [just heterosexual scenes] usually make about US$200–800 while those who only do oral sex (blow job) usually only make about US$100–300 for the scene".13 It was also noted in an interview conducted by Local10 news of Florida that individuals were offered $700 for sexual intercourse while shooting a scene of the popular series Bang Bus in 2004.14 According to Videobox, a porn website, actresses make these rates: Blowjobs: $200–$400; Straight sex: $400–$1,200; Anal sex: $900–$1,500; Double Penetration: $1,200–$1,600; Double anal: $2,000. For more unusual fetishes, women generally get 15% extra.15 In 2001 actress Chloe said of pay-rates; "In Gonzo, you're paid not by the picture, but by the scene. So it's girl-girl: $700, plus $100 for an anal toy. Boy-girl: $900. Anal: $1,100. Solo: $500. DP: $1,500."5 Additionally, besides appearing in films, porn stars often make money from endorsements and appearance fees. For instance, in 2010 some night clubs were paying female porn stars and Playboy Playmates to appear there to act as draws for the general public; Jesse Jane was reported to have been paid between $5,000 to $10,000 for one appearance by a Chicago club.16 Pornographic actors and STDs Main article: AIDS in the pornographic film industry Because of the nature of their work, usually involving sex without condoms, pornographic actors were traditionally vulnerable to sexually transmitted diseases. In a paper written by LA Public Health officials claimed that among 825 performers screened in 2000–2001, 7.7% of females and 5.5% of males had chlamydia, and 2% overall had gonorrhea. These rates are much higher than in patients visiting family planning clinics, where chlamydia and gonorrhea rates were 4.0% and 0.7%, respectively. Between January 2003 and March 2005, approximately 976 performers were reported with 1,153 positive STD test results. Of the 1,153 positive test results, 722 (62.6 %) were chlamydia, 355 (30.8%) were gonorrhea, and 126 (10.9%) were coinfections with chlamydia and gonorrhea. Less is known about the prevalence and risk of transmission of other STDs such as syphilis, herpes simplex virus, human papillomavirus, hepatitis B or C, trichomonal infection, or diseases transmitted through the fecal–oral route.17 The data collection of LA public health was criticized by adult industry sources on the grounds that most of those testing positive had never made an adult film-and were in fact being excluded from adult film acting until they had treated their STD's. Non-treatable STD's like HSV represent a difficult case: according to actress Chloe, "After you've been in this business for a while, you have herpes. Everyone has herpes."5

The high rate of STD's in the adult film industry started to change in 1998 when major adult film producers started implementing a regular periodic testing program for adult film actors. In the 1980s, an outbreak of HIV led to a number of deaths of erotic actors and actresses, including John Holmes, Wade Nichols, Marc Stevens, Al Parker, Lisa De Leeuw. This led to the creation of the Adult Industry Medical Health Care Foundation, which helped set up a voluntary standard18 in the U.S. adult film industry where erotic actors are tested for HIV, Chlamydia and Gonorrhea every 30 days-and twice a year for HSV, Hepatitis and Syphilis. Aim hosts test results an their website identified with the actors drivers license number so they can be shared without any possibility of fraud. Aim claims that this program has reduce the rate of STD's among adult film actors to 20% that of the general population.19 These claims have been criticized by various public health authorities-but there have been no controlled studies that support the claims of public health authorities that AIM's testing approach is not working. Autobiographies Truth Behind the Fantasy of Porn: The Greatest Illusion on Earth, Shelley Lubben, 2010 (ISBN 9781453860076) Sinner Takes All: A Memoir of Love and Porn, Tera Patrick, 2009 (ISBN 1592405223) Candy Barr AKA Juanita Dale Slusher, Candy Barr, 2009 (ISBN 97809818220) The Devil Made Me Do It, Georgina Spelvin, 2008 (ISBN 0615199070) Zen and the Art of fucking Pornography, Harold Johnson, 2008 (ISBN 1438204302) Per amore e per forza, Ilona Staller, 2007 (in Italian) The Hardest (Working) Man in Showbiz, Ron Jeremy, 2006 (ISBN 0060840838) Porno - Ein Star packt aus, Kelly Trump, 2005 (in German) Secretos de una pornostar, Celia Blanco, 2005 (in Spanish) How to Make Love Like a Porn Star: A Cautionary Tale, Jenna Jameson, 2005 J'assume, Nina Roberts, mai 2005 (ISBN 2350120201) (in French) Sex Star, Clara Morgane, 2003 (in French) Traci Lords: Underneath It All, Traci Lords, 2003 Raw Talent, Jerry Butler, 1990 (ISBN 087975625X) Hard, Raffaëla Anderson, 2001 (ISBN 2253154490) (in French) Lights, Camera, SEX!, Christy Canyon, 2005 (ISBN 0972747001) Penetrating Insights, Peter North, 1994 (ISBN 1885591225) The Secret Lives of Hyapatia Lee, Hyapatia Lee, 2000 (ISBN 1587219069) See also Category:Pornographic film actors Category:Lists of pornographic film actors List of British pornographic actors List of Asian pornographic actors List of African-American pornographic actors List of pornographic actors who appeared in mainstream films List of pornographic actresses by decade References ^ "40 Years of Gay History: the Early Seventies". Advocate.com. http://www.advocate.com/40/timeline70_74.asp. Retrieved November 5, 2007.  ^ Second wave: Feminism and porns golden age. Radical Society Oct 2002 by Loren Glass ^ "Webmaster Ray Guhn Arrested in Florida". xbiz.com. http://www.xbiz.com/news_piece.php?id=15700. Retrieved June 26, 2006.  ^ "Texas Penal Code, Chapter 43: Public Indecency". Texas Legislature. http://tlo2.tlc.state.tx.us/cgi-bin/cqcgi?CQ_SESSION_KEY=WUAZIBSLSMKR&CQ_QUERY_HANDLE=125100&CQ_CUR_DOCUMENT=9&CQ_TLO_DOC_TEXT=YES. Retrieved April 18, 2007. dead link ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Martin Amis (March 17, 2001). "A rough trade". guardian.co.uk. http://www.guardian.co.uk/Archive/Article/0,4273,4153718,00.html. Retrieved April 10, 2009.  ^ a b "AVN: The 10 Top Porn Stars of All Time". Adult Video News. Action-DVD.com. January 2002. Archived from the original on September 30, 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20070930015019/http://www.action-dvd.com/avnt50ps.asp?whichpage=1&userid=3AED28DC-3047-4F5C-87F5-D9AC3B9DA6F3&sort_order=. Retrieved December 24, 2006.  ^ "Product Description". Being Ron Jeremy. Amazon.com, Inc.. http://www.amazon.com/Being-Ron-Jeremy-Leslie-Brockett/dp/B000777I2O. Retrieved December 25, 2006.  ^ Jameson, Jenna; Neil Strauss (2004). How to Make Love Like a Porn Star: A Cautionary Tale. HarperCollins. ISBN 0-06-053909-7. "(Y)ou have to be able to get it up at will. You have to keep an erection, go a long time without coming, and then come on command."  ^ "Jeremy spoke in class today: An exclusive interview with porn movie legend, Ron Jeremy". www.retrocrush.com. 2003. http://www.retrocrush.com/archive2/ronj/. Retrieved 2011-03-13.  ^ "Ron Jeremy Hyatt - AskMen". ca.askmen.com. 2008. http://ca.askmen.com/celebs/interview/34d_ron_jeremy_interview.html. Retrieved 2011-03-13.  ^ Meaghan Murphy (2011-03-10). "Charlie Sheen Gives Porn Industry 'Shot in the Arm'". www.foxnews.com. http://www.foxnews.com/entertainment/2011/03/10/charlie-sheen-gives-porn-industry-shot-arm/?test=faces. Retrieved 2011-03-13.  ^ 'The Bigger the Better' (1984). ^ "How to become a porn star and get in the Porn business". hush-hush.co.uk. http://www.hush-hush.co.uk/pornbus_men.html. Retrieved April 14, 2007.  ^ "Porn Bus Shoots Sex On The Move". WPLG. November 17, 2004. http://www.local10.com/news/3927246/detail.html. Retrieved June 29, 2008.  ^ http://blog.videobox.com/blog/index.php/2008/02/22/how-much-do-porn-stars-make/ ^ Charlie Amter (2010-08-27). "Some L.A. nightclubs attract crowds with racy models". Los Angeles Times. http://www.latimes.com/theguide/bars-and-clubs/la-et-night27-20100827,0,2675418.story. Retrieved 2010-08-29.  ^ Grudzen, Corita R.; Kerndt, Peter R. (June 19, 2007). "The Adult Film Industry: Time to Regulate?". PLoS Medicine. Public Library of Science, U.S. National Library of Medicine. Archived from the original on August 6, 2007. http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/560898. Retrieved October 1, 2007.  ^ "Porn stars at L.A. convention defend HIV tests". Los Angeles Times. June 13, 2009. http://www.latimes.com/news/local/la-me-porn-hiv13-2009jun13,0,4356396.story. Retrieved June 13, 2009.  ^ "Aim Myspace Page". AIM. April 4, 2011. http://www.myspace.com/aimhealthcare. Retrieved April 4, 2011.  External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Porn stars AVN Awards Internet Adult Film Database Adult Film Database Adult Industry Medical Health Care Foundation v · d · eSex Physiological events Erection · Insemination · Orgasm (Female and Male ejaculation) · Pregnancy · Sexual arousal Health and education Birth control · Condom · Postorgasmic illness syndrome · Reproductive medicine (Andrology · Gynaecology · Urology) · Safe sex · Sex education · Sex therapy (Sex surrogate) · Sexual dysfunction (Erectile dysfunction · Hypersexuality · Hyposexuality) · Sexually transmitted disease · Sexual medicine Identity Gender identity · Sexual identity · Sexual orientation Law Age of consent · Criminal transmission of HIV · Incest · Obscenity · Public indecency · Rape · Sexual abuse · Sexual assault · Sexual harassment · Sexual misconduct · Sexual violence History Feminist Sex Wars · History of erotic depictions · Sexual revolution Relationships and society Anarchism and love/sex · Family planning · Marriage · Paraphilia · Polyamory · Promiscuity · Religion and sexuality · Romance · Sexual abstinence · Sexual attraction · Sexual capital · Sexual ethics · Sexual objectification By country China  · Japan · South Korea Sexual activities Anilingus · Anal sex · Ass to mouth · Bareback · BDSM · Circle jerk · Cock-and-ball torture · Creampie · Cum shot · Cybersex · Dirty talk · Facial · Felching · Fingering · Fisting · Gang bang · Group sex · Masturbation · Mechanics of sex · Non-penetrative sex (Mammary intercourse · Petting · Handjob · Sumata) · Oral sex · Stimulation of nipples · Orgasm control · Pompoir · Quickie · Sex positions · Sexual intercourse (Foreplay) · Sex magic · Sexual sublimation · Snowballing · Tea bag · Venus Butterfly Sex industry Adult video game · Child, Female and Male sex tourism · Erotica · Pornography · Prostitution · Ribaldry · Sex museum · Sex shop · Sex toy (doll)  · Strip club Animal sexual behaviour · Human sexuality · Sexology · Sexual slang Sexuality portal