"Mohican" redirects here. For other uses, see Mohican (disambiguation). Not to be confused with the Mohegans, a different Algonquian-speaking tribe living in eastern (upper Thames valley) Connecticut. This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding reliable references. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (January 2009) Mahican Muhhekunneuw Geographic distribution of the Mahicans. Regions with significant populations  United States (Wisconsin) Languages English, (originally Mahican) Religion Moravian Church Related ethnic groups Munsee The Mahicans (also Mohicans) are an Eastern Algonquian Native American tribe, originally settling in the Hudson River Valley (around Albany, NY). After 1680, many moved to Stockbridge, Massachusetts. During the early 1820s and 1830s, most of the remaining descendants migrated westward to northeastern Wisconsin.1 The tribe's name for itself (autonym) was Muhhekunneuw, or "People of the River." Their current name is the name applied to the Wolf Clan division of the tribe, from the Mahican manhigan. Contents 1 History 2 In popular culture 3 Notable members 4 References 5 Bibliography 6 External links // History The Mahican were living in and around the Hudson Valley at the time of their first contact with Europeans after 1609, during the settlement of New Netherland. The Mahican were a confederacy rather than a single tribe, and at the time of contact there were five main divisions: Mohican proper, Westenhuck, Wawayachtonoc, Mechkentowoon, and Wiekagjoc. Over the next hundred years, tensions between the Mahican and the Iroquois Mohawk, as well as Dutch and English settlers, caused the Mahican to migrate eastward across the Hudson River into western Massachusetts and Connecticut. Many settled in the town of Stockbridge, Massachusetts, where they gradually became known as the Stockbridge Indians.

The Stockbridge Indians allowed Protestant Christian missionaries, including Jonathan Edwards, to live among them. In the 18th century, many converted to Christianity, while keeping certain traditions of their own. Although they fought on the side of the American colonists in both the French and Indian War (North American part of the Seven Years' War) and the American Revolution, citizens of the new United States forced them off their land and westward. First the Stockbridge settled in the 1780s at New Stockbridge, New York, on land allocated by the Oneida, of the Iroquois Confederacy. In the 1820s and 1830s, most of the Stockbridge moved to Shawano County, Wisconsin, where they were promised land by the US government. In Wisconsin, they settled on reservations with the Munsee. Together, the two formed a band jointly known as Stockbridge-Munsee. Today the reservation is known as that of the Stockbridge-Munsee Band of Mohican Indians (Stockbridge-Munsee Community). Moravian Church missionaries from Bethlehem in present-day Pennsylvania founded a mission at the Mahican village of Shekomeko in Dutchess County, New York. They wanted to bring the Native Americans to Christianity. Gradually they were successful in their efforts, converting the first Christian Indian congregation in the United States. They built a chapel for the people in 1743. They also diligently defended the Mahican against European settlers' exploitation, trying to protect them against land encroachment and abuses of liquor. Some who opposed their work accused them of being secret Catholic Jesuits (who had been outlawed from the colony in 1700) and of working with the Indians on the side of the French. The missionaries were summoned more than once before colonial government, but also had supporters. Finally the colonial government at Poughkeepsie expelled the missionaries from New York in the late 1740s. Settlers soon took over the Mahican land.2

The now extinct Mahican language belonged to the Eastern Algonquian branch of the Algonquian language family. It was an Algonquian N-dialect, as were Massachusett and Wampanoag. In many ways, it was more similar to, and just as easily considered one, of the L-dialects, such as that of the Lenape. In popular culture James Fenimore Cooper's novel, The Last of the Mohicans, is based on the Mahican tribe. It also includes some cultural aspects of the Mohegan, a different Algonquian tribe that lived in eastern Connecticut. The novel was set in the Hudson Valley, Mahican land, but some characters' names, such as Uncas, were Mohegan. The novel has been adapted for the silver screen at least half a dozen times, the first time in 1920. The latest adaptation was released in 1992, starring Daniel Day-Lewis. Notable members John Wannuaucon Quinney, diplomat Bill Miller, musician References ^ EB-Mohicans "Mohican" (history), Encyclopædia Britannica, 2007 ^ PHILIP H. SMITH, "PINE PLAINS", GENERAL HISTORY OF DUCHESS COUNTY FROM 1609 TO 1876, INCLUSIVE, PAWLING, NY: 1877, accessed 3 March 2010 Bibliography Brasser, T. J. (1978). "Mahican", in B. G. Trigger (Ed.), Northeast (pp. 198–212). Handbook of North American Indian languages (Vol. 15). Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution. Cappel, Constance, "The Smallpox Genocide of the Odawa Tribe at L'Arbre Croche, 1763", The History of a Native American People, Lewiston, NY: The Edwin Mellen Press, 2007. Conkey, Laura E.; Bolissevain, Ethel; & Goddard, Ives. (1978). "Indians of southern New England and Long Island: Late period", in B. G. Trigger (Ed.), Northeast (pp. 177–189). Handbook of North American Indian languages (Vol. 15). Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution. Salwen, Bert. (1978). "Indians of southern New England and Long Island: Early period", in B. G. Trigger (Ed.), Northeast (pp. 160–176). Handbook of North American Indian languages (Vol. 15). Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution. Simpson, J. A.; & Weiner, E. S. C. (1989). "Mohican", Oxford English Dictionary. Oxford: Clarendon Press. (Online version). Sturtevant, William C. (Ed.). (1978–present). Handbook of North American Indians (Vol. 1-20). Washington, D. C.: Smithsonian Institution. Trigger, Bruce G. (Ed.). (1978). Northeast, Handbook of North American Indians (Vol. 15). Washington, D. C.: Smithsonian Institution. External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Mahican Stockbridge-Munsee community Mohican nation Stockbridge-Munsee band: Our history Mohican languages (Native Languages of the Americas) Hendrick Aupaumut (Mahican) (1757-1830) Stockbridge-Munsee History Mohican Indians Stockbridge Timeline Death In the Bronx The Stockbridge Indian Massacre in 1778 by Richard S. Walling-for reference only Poem Mahican translation by Carl Masthay (linguist, Algonquianist) v · d · eCapital District of New York Central communities Albany (History · City Hall · Coat of Arms) · Schenectady (City Hall) · Troy (History) · List of all incorporated places Largest communities (over 20,000 in 2000) Bethlehem · Clifton Park · Town of Colonie · Glenville · Guilderland · Niskayuna · Queensbury · Rotterdam · Saratoga Springs Medium-sized communities (10,000 to 20,000 in 2000) City of Amsterdam · Brunswick · Cohoes · East Greenbush · Glens Falls · Gloversville · Halfmoon · Malta · North Greenbush · Schodack · Watervliet · Wilton Small communities (5,000 to 10,000 in 2000) Town of Amsterdam · Ballston Spa · Cobleskill · Village of Colonie · Duanesburg · City of Johnstown · Town of Johnstown · Kinderhook · Mechanicville · New Scotland · Rensselaer · Sand Lake · Scotia · Town of Stillwater · Waterford Counties Albany · Columbia · Fulton · Greene · Montgomery · Rensselaer · Saratoga · Schenectady · Schoharie · Warren · Washington History Mohawks · Mahicans · Fort Orange · Rensselaerswyck · Beverwyck · Albany Plan of Union · Timeline of town creation Geography Hudson River (Valley) · Mohawk River · Erie Canal · Lake Albany · Lake George · Albany Pine Bush (Woodlawn Preserve) · Adirondack Mountains · Catskill Mountains · Rensselaer Plateau Religion and culture Culture in New York's Capital District · Sports in New York's Capital District · Episcopal Diocese of Albany · Roman Catholic Diocese of Albany Education Public school districts List of school districts in New York's Capital District Higher education List of colleges and universities in New York's Capital District Newspapers Albany Times-Union · Metroland · Glens Falls Post-Star · The Saratogian · Schenectady Gazette · Troy Record TV/Radio v · d · eBroadcast television in the Capital District Local stations

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New York Radio Markets: Albany-Schenectady-Troy • Binghamton • Buffalo-Niagara Falls • Elmira-Corning • Hamptons-Riverhead • Ithaca • Nassau-Suffolk (Long Island) • New York City • Newburgh-Middletown (Mid Hudson Valley) • Olean • Plattsburgh • Poughkeepsie • Rochester • Syracuse • Utica-Rome • Watertown Other New York Radio Regions: Jamestown-Dunkirk • North Country • Saratoga See also: List of radio stations in New York Capital District Portal

New York Radio Markets: Albany-Schenectady-Troy • Binghamton • Buffalo-Niagara Falls • Elmira-Corning • Hamptons-Riverhead • Ithaca • Nassau-Suffolk (Long Island) • New York City • Newburgh-Middletown (Mid Hudson Valley) • Olean • Plattsburgh • Poughkeepsie • Rochester • Syracuse • Utica-Rome • Watertown Other New York Radio Regions: Jamestown-Dunkirk • North Country • Saratoga See also: List of radio stations in New York Capital District Portal

New York Radio Markets: Albany-Schenectady-Troy • Binghamton • Buffalo-Niagara Falls • Elmira-Corning • Hamptons-Riverhead • Ithaca • Nassau-Suffolk (Long Island) • New York City • Newburgh-Middletown (Mid Hudson Valley) • Olean • Plattsburgh • Poughkeepsie • Rochester • Syracuse • Utica-Rome • Watertown Other New York Radio Regions: Jamestown-Dunkirk • North Country • Saratoga See also: List of radio stations in New York Capital District Portal

New York Radio Markets: Albany-Schenectady-Troy • Binghamton • Buffalo-Niagara Falls • Elmira-Corning • Hamptons-Riverhead • Ithaca • Nassau-Suffolk (Long Island) • New York City • Newburgh-Middletown (Mid Hudson Valley) • Olean • Plattsburgh • Poughkeepsie • Rochester • Syracuse • Utica-Rome • Watertown Other New York Radio Regions: Jamestown-Dunkirk • North Country • Saratoga See also: List of radio stations in New York Capital District Portal