Drug tourism

Drug tourism is travel for the purpose of obtaining or using drugs for personal use that are unavailable or illegal in one's home jurisdiction. Drug tourism can be also defined as the phenomenon by which one's travel experience involves the consumption and usage of drugs that are considered to be illegal or illegitimate in either the visited destination or the tourist’s country of origin. This would include crossing a national border to obtain drugs over the counter that are not sold in one's own country, or traveling to another country in order to obtain or use narcotics that are illegal in one's own country, or even traveling from one U.S. state to another in order to buy alcohol or tobacco more easily. Drug tourism to other countries is also popular among college students in the United States younger than 21 who are not yet of the legal drinking age for alcohol purchasing and consumption. Empirical studies show that drug tourism is heterogeneous and might involve either the pursuit of mere pleasure and escapism or a quest for profound and meaningful experiences through the consumption of drugs. The Grasshopper is a cannabis coffee shop in the city center of Amsterdam, Netherlands Drug tourism has many legal implications, and persons engaging in it sometimes risk prosecution for drug smuggling or other drug-related charges in their home jurisdictions or in the jurisdictions they are visiting, especially if they bring their purchases home rather than using them abroad. The act of traveling for the purpose of buying or using drugs is itself a criminal offense in some jurisdictions. In Europe, Amsterdam is a popular destination for drug tourists, due to the Dutch government's liberal attitude toward marijuana use and possession. Another Dutch city which is visited frequently by drug tourists is Maastricht because of its position close to the borders of Germany and Belgium. Drug tourism thrives because legislation controlling the sale, possession, and use of drugs varies dramatically from one jurisdiction to another. In Australia, the Australian Capital Territory and South Australia have a more liberal approach to marijuana use, promoting interstate drug tourism, particularly from Victoria and New South Wales. In addition, some areas of northern New South Wales have a liberal recreational drug culture, particularly areas around Nimbin where the annual MardiGrass festival is held. Other popular destinations include Malana, India where famous Indian hashish is produced, and the Rif Mountains in Morocco where hashish is produced. In South America, some tourists are attracted to Amazonian villages to try a local liquid called ayahuasca which is a mixture of psychedelic plants that is used in traditional ceremonies. Similarly, tourists in Peru try hallucinogenic cactus called San Pedro which originally has been used by local tribes. See also Recreational drug use Route 36 (bar), the world's first cocaine bar References Belhassen, Y., Santos, C.A., & Uriely , N. (2007). “Cannabis Use in Tourism: A Sociological Perspective.” Leisure Studies, 26(3), 303-319. Bellis, M. A., Hale, G., Bennett, A., Chaudry, M. & Kilfoyle, M. (2000). "Ibiza Uncovered: Changes in Substanceuse and Sexual Behaviour amongst Young People Visiting an International Night-Life Resort." International Journal of Drug Policy, 11(3), 235–244. de Rios, M. (1994). "Drug Tourism in the Amazon: Why Westerners are Desperate to Find the Vanishing Primate." Omni 16, 6-9. Josiam, M. B, J. S. P. Hobson, U. C. Dietrich, & G. Smeaton (1998). “An Analysis of the Sexual, Alcohol and Drug Related Behavioral Patterns of Students on Spring Break.” Tourism Management, 19 (6), 501-13. Sellars, A. (1998). “The Influence of Dance Music on the UK Youth Tourism Market.” Tourism Management, 19 (6), 611-15. Uriely, N. & Belhassen, Y. (2006) “Drugs and Risk Taking in Tourism.” Annals of Tourism Research, 33(2), 339-359. Uriely, N. & Belhassen, Y. (2005). “Drugs and Tourists’ Experiences.” Journal of Travel Research, 43(3), 238-246. Valdez, A., & Sifaneck, S. (1997). "Drug Tourists and Drug Policy on the U.S.-Mexican Border: An Ethnographic Investigation." Journal of Drug Issues, 27, 879-898. v · d · eRecreational drug use Major recreational drugs Opioids Diamorphine (heroin)/Morphine (Opium) • Oxycodone • Hydrocodone • Codeine • Hydromorphone (Dilaudid) • Methadone • Buprenorphine (Subutex, Suboxone) • Propoxyphene (Darvon, Darvocet) • Mitragyna speciosa (Kratom) Depressants Barbiturates • Benzodiazepines • Ethanol (Alcoholic beverages) • GHB • Nonbenzodiazepines • Kava Stimulants Amphetamine • Arecoline (Areca) • Betel • Caffeine (Coffee - Tea) • Cathinone (Khat) • Cocaine (Coca) • Ephedrine (Ephedra) • Mephedrone • Methamphetamine • Methylphenidate • Nicotine (Tobacco) • Theobromine (Cocoa) Entactogens MDA • MDMA (Ecstasy) Hallucinogens Psychedelics Bufotenin (Yopo • Vilca • Psychoactive toads) • DMT (Ayahuasca) • LSD-25 • Mescaline (Peyote • San Pedro • Peruvian Torch) • Psilocybin & Psilocin (Psilocybin mushrooms) Dissociatives DXM • Inhalants (Nitrous oxide • alkyl nitrites – poppers such as amyl nitrite) • Ketamine • Methoxetamine • PCP • Salvinorin A (Salvia divinorum) Deliriants Datura • Deadly Nightshade • Henbane • Mandrake Cannabinoids THC (Cannabis • Hashish • Hash oil) Culture and related topics Cannabis 420 • Stoner film • Spiritual use of cannabis • Medical cannabis • Cannabis cultivation • Cannabis smoking • Legality of cannabis • Legal history of cannabis in the United States • Marijuana Policy Project • NORML Psychedelic Art • Drug • Experience • Literature • Music Other Counterculture of the 1960s • Club drug • Dance party • Drug tourism • Drug paraphernalia • Hippie • Party and play • Poly drug use • Rave • Self-medication • Sex and drugs • Spiritual use of drugs Problems with drug use Abuse • Addiction (Prevention • Opiate replacement therapy • Rehabilitation • Responsible use) • Drug-related crime • Illegal trade • Overdose Legality of drug use International 1961 Narcotic Drugs • 1971 Psychotropic Substances • 1988 Drug Trafficking State level Drug policy (Prohibition • Supply reduction • Decriminalization) • Policy reform (Liberalization • Harm reduction • Demand reduction • Drug Policy Alliance • Law Enforcement Against Prohibition • Students for Sensible Drug Policy • Transform Drug Policy Foundation) Drug policy by country Australia • Canada • Germany • Netherlands • Portugal • Sweden • Switzerland • Soviet Union • United States (Office of National Drug Control Policy • School district drug policies • Just Say No • California • Colorado • Maryland • Virginia) Other Arguments for and against drug prohibition • Designer drug • Drug court • Drug possession • Drug test • Hard and soft drugs • Mexican Drug War • Narc • Politics of drug abuse • War on Drugs • Zero tolerance Lists of countries by... 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