Delhi

This article is about the National Capital Territory of Delhi. For the capital city of India, see New Delhi. For other uses, see Delhi (disambiguation). Delhi दिल्ली —  Capital  — From top clockwise: Lotus Temple, Humayun's Tomb, Connaught Place, Akshardham Temple, and India Gate. Delhi Location of Delhi in India Coordinates 28°36′36″N 77°13′48″E / 28.61°N 77.23°E / 28.61; 77.23Coordinates: 28°36′36″N 77°13′48″E / 28.61°N 77.23°E / 28.61; 77.23 Country  India Territory Delhi Lt. Governor Tejendra Khanna Chief Minister Sheila Dikshit Mayor Prithvi Raj Sahni Legislature (seats) Unicameral (70) Population • Density • Metro 12,565,9011 (2nd) (2010[update]) • 11,463 /km2 (29,689 /sq mi) • 18,916,8902 (2nd) (2010[update]) HDI (2005) 0.789 (medium)  Official languages English, Hindi, Urdu, Punjabi Time zone IST (UTC+5:30) Area • Elevation 1483 km2 (573 sq mi) • 239 metres (784 ft)3 Codes • Pincode • 110 xxx • Telephone • +91-11- XXXX XXXX • UN/LOCODE • INDEL • Vehicle • DL-xx Website delhigovt.nic.in Seal of Delhi Delhi, locally pronounced as Dilli (Hindi: दिल्ली, Punjabi: ਦਿੱਲੀ, Urdu: دِلّی) or Dehli (Hindi: देहली, Punjabi: ਦੇਹਲੀ, Urdu: دهلی), officially National Capital Territory of Delhi (NCT), is the largest metropolis by area and the second-largest metropolis by population in India.4567 It is the eighth largest metropolis in the world by population with more than 12.25 million inhabitants in the territory. There are nearly 22.2 million residents in the greater National Capital Region urban area (which also includes Noida, Greater Noida, Ghaziabad, Gurgaon and Faridabad along with other smaller nearby towns).2 The name Delhi is often also used to include urban areas near the NCT, as well as to refer to New Delhi, the capital of India, which lies within the metropolis. Although technically a federally administered union territory, the political administration of the NCT of Delhi today more closely resembles that of a state of India with its own legislature, high court and an executive council of ministers headed by a Chief Minister. New Delhi, jointly administered by both the federal Government of India and the local Government of Delhi, is also the capital of the NCT of Delhi. Located on the banks of the River Yamuna, Delhi has been known to be continuously inhabited since at least the 6th century BCE,8 though human habitation is believed to have existed since the second millennium BCE.9 Delhi is also widely believed to have been the site of Indraprastha, the legendary capital of the Pandavas during the times of the Mahabharata.10 Delhi re-emerged as a major political, cultural and commercial city along the trade routes between northwest India and the Gangetic plain after the rise of the Delhi sultanates.1112 It is the site of many ancient and medieval monuments, archaeological sites and remains. In 1639, Mughal emperor Shahjahan built a new walled city in Delhi which served as the capital of the Mughal Empire from 1649 to 1857.1314 After the British East India Company had gained control of much of India during the 18th and 19th centuries, Calcutta became the capital both under Company rule and under the British Raj, until George V announced in 1911 that it was to move back to Delhi. A new capital city, New Delhi, was built to the south of the old city during the 1920s.15 When India gained independence from British rule in 1947, New Delhi was declared its capital and seat of government. As such, New Delhi houses important offices of the federal government, including the Parliament of India, as well as numerous national museums, monuments, and art galleries. Owing to the migration of people from across the country, Delhi has grown to be a multicultural, cosmopolitan metropolis. Its rapid development and urbanisation, coupled with the relatively high average income of its population, has transformed Delhi into a major cultural, political, and commercial centre of India.16 Contents 1 Etymology and idioms 2 History 3 Geography 3.1 Climate 4 Civic administration 5 Government and politics 6 Economy 7 Utility services 8 Transport 9 Demographics 10 Culture 11 Education 12 Media 13 Sports 14 Sister cities and twin regions 14.1 Twin region 15 See also 16 References 17 Further reading 18 External links // Etymology and idioms The Etymology and idioms of "Delhi" is uncertain, but many possibilities exist. The very common view is that its eponym is Dhillu or Dilu, a king of the Mauryan dynasty, who built the city in 50 BC and named it after himself.101718 The Hindi/Prakrit word dhili ("loose") was used by the Tomaras to refer to the city because the Iron Pillar built by Raja Dhava had a weak foundation and was replaced.18 The coins in circulation in the region under the Tomaras were called dehliwal.19 Some other historians believe that the name is derived from Dilli, a corruption of dehleez or dehali—Urdu for 'threshold'—and symbolic of city as a gateway to the Gangetic Plain.20 Another theory suggests that the city's original name was Dhillika.21 Delhi(aMJAD) is referenced in various idioms of North Indian and Pakistani languages. Examples include - Abhi Dilli door hai (or, its Persian version, Hanooz Dilli door ast) literally meaning Delhi is still far away, which is generically said about a task or journey is still far from complete.2223 Dilli dilwalon ka shehr or Dilli Dilwalon ki meaning Delhi belongs to the large-hearted/daring.24 Aas-paas barse, Dilli pari tarse literally meaning it pours all around, while Delhi lies parched. An allusion to the sometimes semi-arid climate of Delhi, it idiomatically refers to situations of deprivation when there is plenty all around.23 History Main articles: History of Delhi and Old Delhi At 72.5 m (238 ft), the Qutub Minar is the world's tallest free-standing brick minaret.25 Built in 1560, Humayun's Tomb is the first example of Mughal tomb complexes.26 Red Fort, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is the location from which the Prime Minister of India addresses the nation on Independence Day Human habitation was probably present in and around Delhi during the second millennium BC and before,9 and continuous inhabitation has been evidenced since at least the 6th century BC.8 The city is believed to be the site of Indraprastha, legendary capital of the Pandavas in the Indian epic Mahabharata.10 Settlements grew from the time of the Mauryan Empire (c. 300 BC).9 Remains of seven major cities have been discovered in Delhi. The Tomara dynasty founded the city of Lal Kot in AD 736. The Chauhans conquered Lal Kot in 1180 and renamed it Qila Rai Pithora. The Chauhan king Prithviraj III was defeated in 1192 by the Afghan Muhammad Ghori.10 In 1206, Qutb-ud-din Aybak, the first ruler of the Slave Dynasty established the Delhi Sultanate. Qutb-ud-din started the construction the Qutub Minar and Quwwat-al-Islam (might of Islam), the earliest extant mosque in India.1027 After the fall of the Slave dynasty, a succession of Turkic and Afghan dynasties, the Khilji dynasty, the Tughluq dynasty, the Sayyid dynasty and the Lodhi dynasty held power in the late medieval period, and built a sequence of forts and townships that are part of the seven cities of Delhi.28 In 1398, Timur Lenk invaded India on the pretext that the Muslim sultans of Delhi were too lenient towards their Hindu subjects. Timur entered Delhi and the city was sacked, destroyed, and left in ruins.29 Near Delhi, Timur massacred 100,000 captives.30 Delhi was a major centre of Sufism during the Sultanate period.31 In 1526, Zahiruddin Babur defeated the last Lodhi sultan in the First Battle of Panipat and founded the Mughal Empire that ruled from Delhi, Agra and Lahore.10 The Mughal Empire ruled northern India for more than three centuries, with a sixteen-year hiatus during the reign of Sher Shah Suri, from 1540 to 1556.32 During 1553–1556, the Hindu king, Hemu Vikramaditya acceded to the throne of Delhi by defeating forces of Mughal Emperor Akbar at Agra and Delhi. However, the Mughals reestablished their rule after Akbar's army defeated Hemu during the Second Battle of Panipat.333435 Shah Jahan built the seventh city of Delhi that bears his name (Shahjahanabad), and is more commonly known as the "Old City" or "Old Delhi". The old city served as the capital of the Mughal Empire from 1638. After 1680, the Mughal Empire's influence declined rapidly as the Hindu Marathas rose to prominence.36 A weakened Mughal Empire lost the Battle of Karnal, following which the victorious forces of Nader Shah invaded and looted Delhi, carrying away many treasures, including the Peacock Throne.37 A treaty signed in 1752 made Marathas the protector of the Mughal throne at Delhi.38 In 1761, after the Marathas lost the third battle of Panipat, Delhi was raided by Ahmed Shah Abdali. In 1803, the forces of British East India Company overran the Maratha forces near Delhi and ended the Mughal rule over the city.39 After the Indian Rebellion of 1857, Delhi came under direct rule of the British crown and was made a district province of the Punjab.10 In 1911, the capital of British India was transferred from Calcutta to Delhi, following which a team of British architects led by Edwin Lutyens designed a new political and administrative area, known as New Delhi, to house the government buildings. New Delhi, also known as Lutyens' Delhi, was officially declared as the capital of the Union of India after the country gained independence on 15 August 1947. During the partition of India, thousands of Hindu and Sikh refugees from West Punjab and Sindh fled to Delhi, while many Muslim residents of the city migrated to Pakistan. Starting on 31 October 1984, approximately three thousand Sikhs were killed during the four-day long anti-Sikh riots after the Sikh body guards of then-Prime Minister, Indira Gandhi, assassinated her. Migration to Delhi from the rest of India continues, contributing more to the rise of Delhi's population than the birth rate, which is declining.40 The Constitution (Sixty-ninth Amendment) Act, 1991 declared the Union Territory of Delhi to be formally known as National Capital Territory of Delhi.41 The Act gave Delhi its own legislative assembly, though with limited powers.41 In December 2001, the Parliament of India building in New Delhi was attacked by armed militants resulting in the death of six security personnel.42 India suspected the hand of Pakistan-based militant groups in the attacks resulting in a major diplomatic crisis between the two countries.43 Delhi again witnessed terrorist attacks in October 2005 and September 2008 resulting in the deaths of 6244 and 3045 civilians respectively. Geography Main article: Environment of Delhi River Yamuna near Delhi Lightning strikes near India Gate, New Delhi. Delhi receives much of its rainfall during the monsoon season which lasts from July to September The National Capital Territory of Delhi is spread over an area of 1,484 km2 (573 sq mi) , of which 783 km2 (302 sq mi) is designated rural, and 700 km2 (270 sq mi) urban. Delhi has a maximum length of 51.9 km (32 mi) and the maximum width of 48.48 km (30 mi). There are three local bodies (statutory towns) namely, Municipal Corporation of Delhi (area is 1,397.3 km2 or 540 sq mi), New Delhi Municipal Committee (42.7 km2 or 16 sq mi) and Delhi Cantonment Board (43 km2 or 17 sq mi).46 Delhi is an expansive area, in its extremity it spans from Narela in the north to Badarpur in the south. Najafgarh is the furthest point west, and Seemapuri is its eastern extremity. Places like Shahdara and Bhajanpura are its eastern ends and are one of major shopping centres in Delhi. The NCR encompasses towns south and east of the said border, namely Ghaziabad, Noida, Faridabad and Gurgaon. Oddly, the main expanse of Delhi does not follow a specific geographical feature. The main city area of Delhi does not end until Saket in the South, whilst the northern limit is Jahangirpuri and the western limit is Janakpuri-Dwarka. The terrain of Delhi shows great variation. It changes from plain agricultural fields in the north to dry, arid hills (an offshoot of the Aravalli Hills of Rajasthan) in the south and west. There used to be large natural lakes in the southern part of the city, but most have now dried up. Most of Delhi, including New Delhi, is situated on the western banks of the river Yamuna which separates the main city from eastern suburbs (commonly known as trans-Yamuna), although there is a good connectivity between the eastern and western sides, with a number of road and railway bridges as well as the Delhi Metro. Delhi is located at 28°37′N 77°14′E / 28.61°N 77.23°E / 28.61; 77.23, and lies in northern India. It borders the Indian states of Uttar Pradesh to the east and Haryana on the north, west and south. During British Raj it was adjacent to the province of Punjab and still historically and culturally tied closely to the region of Punjab.47 Almost entirely within the Gangetic plains, two prominent features of the geography of Delhi are the Yamuna flood plains and the Delhi ridge. The low-lying Yamuna flood plains provide fertile alluvial soil suitable for agriculture but are prone to recurrent floods. Reaching up to a height of 318 m (1,043 ft),48 the Delhi ridge forms a dominating feature in this region. It originates from the Aravalli Range in the south and encircles the west, northeast and northwest parts of the city. Yamuna, a sacred river in Hinduism, is the only major river flowing through Delhi. Another river called the Hindon River separates Ghaziabad from the eastern part of Delhi. Delhi falls under seismic zone-IV, making it vulnerable to major earthquakes, but earthquakes have not been common in recent history.49 Delhi has the third highest tree-cover among cities in India.50 Delhi was one of the world's ten most polluted cities in the 1990s, with vehicles producing 70% of the polluting emissions.51 In 1996 the Centre for Science and Environment started a public interest litigation in the Supreme Court of India that ordered the conversion of Delhi's fleet of buses and taxis to be run on Compressed Natural Gas and banned the use of leaded petrol in 1998. In 2003, Delhi won the United States Department of Energy’s first ‘Clean Cities International Partner of the Year’ award for ‘‘bold efforts to curb air pollution and support alternative fuel initiatives’’.51 Climate See also: Climate of Delhi Delhi features an atypical version of the humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cwa). Summers are long and extremely hot, from early April to mid-October, with the monsoon season in between. Early March sees a reversal in the direction of wind, from the north-western direction, to the south-western. These bring the hot waves from Rajasthan, carrying sand and are a characteristic of the Delhi summer. These are called loo. The months of March to May see a time of hot prickling heat. Monsoon arrives at the end of June, bringing some respite from the heat, but increasing humidity at the same time. The brief, mild winter starts in late November and peaks in January and is notorious for its heavy fog.52 Extreme temperatures range from −0.6 °C (30.9 °F) to 46.7 °C (116.1 °F).53 The annual mean temperature is 25 °C (77 °F); monthly mean temperatures range from 13 °C to 32 °C (56 °F to 90 °F).54 The average annual rainfall is approximately 714 mm (28.1 inches), most of which is during the monsoons in July and August.10 The average date of the advent of monsoon winds in Delhi is 29 June.55 Climate data for Delhi Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Record high °C (°F) 29 (84) 32 (90) 39.2 (102.6) 44 (111) 47 (117) 47 (117) 43 (109) 42 (108) 38 (100) 37 (99) 35 (95) 32 (90) 47 (117) Average high °C (°F) 18 (64) 23 (73) 28 (82) 36 (97) 39 (102) 37 (99) 34 (93) 33 (91) 33 (91) 31 (88) 27 (81) 21 (70) 30 (86) Average low °C (°F) 7 (45) 11 (52) 15 (59) 22 (72) 26 (79) 27 (81) 27 (81) 26 (79) 24 (75) 19 (66) 13 (55) 8 (46) 18.5 (65.3) Record low °C (°F) -1 (30) 0 (32) 6 (43) 12 (54) 16 (61) 21 (70) 21 (70) 20 (68) 20 (68) 13 (55) 7 (45) 2 (36) -1 (30) Precipitation mm (inches) 23 (0.9) 20 (0.8) 15 (0.6) 10 (0.4) 15 (0.6) 71 (2.8) 236 (9.3) 236 (9.3) 112 (4.4) 18 (0.7) 10 (0.4) 10 (0.4) 714 (28.1) Source: wunderground.com56 Civic administration See also: Divisions of Delhi, Districts of Delhi, and List of towns in National Capital Territory of Delhi As of July 2007, the National Capital Territory of Delhi comprises nine districts, 27 tehsils, 59 census towns, 300 villages57 and three statutory towns – the Municipal Corporation of Delhi (MCD); the New Delhi Municipal Committee (NDMC); and the Delhi Cantonment Board (DCB).58 Map showing the nine districts of Delhi The Delhi metropolitan area lies within the National Capital Territory of Delhi (NCT). The NCT has three local municipal corporations: Municipal Corporation of Delhi (MCD), New Delhi Municipal Council (NDMC) and Delhi Cantonment Board. MCD is one of the largest municipal corporations in the world providing civic amenities to an estimated 13.78 million people.59 The capital of India, New Delhi, falls under the administration of NDMC. The chairperson of the NDMC is appointed by the Government of India in consultation with the Chief Minister of Delhi.citation needed Delhi has four major satellite cities, which lie outside the National Capital Territory of Delhi. These are Gurgaon and Faridabad (in Haryana), and New Okhla Industrial Development Authority (Noida) and Ghaziabad (in Uttar Pradesh). Delhi is divided into nine districts. Each district (division) is headed by a Deputy Commissioner and has three subdivisions. A Subdivision Magistrate heads each subdivision. All Deputy Commissioners report to the Divisional Commissioner. The District Administration of Delhi is the enforcing department for all kinds of State and Central Government policies and exercises supervisory powers over numerous other functionaries of the Government.citation needed The Delhi High Court has jurisdiction over Delhi. Delhi also has lower courts: the Small Causes Court for civil cases; the Magistrate Court and the Sessions Court for criminal cases. The Delhi Police, headed by the Police Commissioner, is one of the largest metropolitan police forces in the world.60 Delhi is administratively divided into nine police-zones, which are further subdivided into 95 local police stations.61 <nationalhc> Government and politics Main article: Government of Delhi The North Block, built in 1931 during the British Raj, houses key government offices Earlier known as a special union territory, the National Capital Territory of Delhi has its own Legislative Assembly, Lieutenant Governor, council of ministers and Chief Minister. The legislative assembly seats are filled by direct election from territorial constituencies in the NCT. However, the Union Government of India and the Government of National Capital Territory of Delhi jointly administer New Delhi, a city in Delhi, which is the capital and seat of government of both the National Capital Territory of Delhi and of India itself.citation needed While services like transport and others are taken care of by the Delhi government, services such as the police are directly under the control of the Central Government.62 The legislative assembly was re-established in 1993 for the first time since 1956, with direct federal rule in the span. In addition, the Municipal Corporation of Delhi (MCD) handles civic administration for the city as part of the Panchayati Raj act. New Delhi, an urban area in Delhi, is the seat of both the State Government of Delhi and the Government of India. The Parliament of India, the Rashtrapati Bhavan (Presidential Palace), Cabinet Secretariat and the Supreme Court of India are located in New Delhi. There are 70 assembly constituencies and seven Lok Sabha (Indian parliament's lower house) constituencies in Delhi.6364 Delhi was a traditional stronghold of the Indian National Congress, also known as the Congress Party. In the 1990s, the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) under the leadership of Madan Lal Khurana came into power; however in 1998, Congress regained power under Sheila Dikshit, the incumbent Chief Minister. The Congress retained power in the Legislative Assembly in the 2003 and 2008 elections.citation needed Economy See also: Gurgaon and Noida Further information: Economy of India and Economic development in India Gurgaon, a satellite city of Delhi, is an important economic hub in the National Capital Region With an estimated net State Domestic Product (FY 2007) of 118,200 crore (US$25.65 billion) in nominal terms and 336,400 crore (US$73 billion) in PPP terms,6566 Delhi is the largest commercial center in northern India.67 In 2007, Delhi had a per capita income of 66,728 (US$1,448) at current prices, the third highest in India after Chandigarh and Goa as of 2006–07.68 The tertiary sector contributes 70.95% of Delhi's gross SDP followed by secondary and primary sectors, with 25.20% and 3.85% contribution, respectively.66 Delhi's workforce constitutes 32.82% of the population showing an increase of 52.52% between 1991 and 2001.69 Delhi's unemployment rate decreased from 12.57% in 1999–2000 to 4.63% in 2003.69 In December 2004, 636,000 people were registered with various employment exchange programmes in Delhi.69 In 2001 the total workforce in all government (union and state) and quasi-government sector was 620,000. In comparison, the organised private sector employed 219,000.69 Key service industries include information technology, telecommunications, hotels, banking, media and tourism.70 Delhi's manufacturing industry has also grown considerably as many consumer goods industries have established manufacturing units and headquarters in and around Delhi. Delhi's large consumer market, coupled with the easy availability of skilled labour, has attracted foreign investment in Delhi. In 2001, the manufacturing sector employed 1,440,000 workers while the number of industrial units was 129,000.71 Construction, power, telecommunications, health and community services, and real estate form integral parts of Delhi's economy. Delhi has India's largest and one of the fastest growing retail industries.72 As a result, land prices are booming and Delhi is currently ranked the 7th most expensive office hotspot in the world, with prices at $145.16 per square foot.73 As in the rest of India, the fast growth of retail is expected to affect the traditional unorganized retail trading system.74 Utility services The headquarters of the New Delhi Municipal Corporation (NDMC). On the foreground is Jantar Mantar. The water supply in Delhi is managed by the Delhi Jal Board (DJB). As of 2006, it supplied 650 MGD (million gallons per day) of water, while the water demand for 2005–06 was estimated to be 963 MGD.75 The rest of the demand is met by private and public tube wells and hand pumps. At 240 MGD, the Bhakra storage is the largest water source for DJB, followed by the Yamuna and the Ganges.75 With falling groundwater level and rising population density, Delhi faces severely acute water shortage. Delhi daily produces 8000 tonnes of solid wastes which is dumped at three landfill sites by MCD.76 The daily domestic waste water production is 470 MGD and industrial waste water is 70 MGD.77 A large portion of the sewerage flows untreated into the river Yamuna.77 The city's per capita electricity consumption is about 1,265 kWh but actual demand is much more.78 In 1997, Delhi Vidyut Board (DVB) replaced Delhi Electric Supply Undertaking which was managed by the MCD. The DVB itself cannot generate adequate power to meet the city's demand and borrows power from India's Northern Region Grid. As a result, Delhi faces a power shortage resulting in frequent blackouts and brownouts, especially during the summer season when energy demand is at its peak. Several industrial units in Delhi rely on their own electrical generators to meet their electric demand and for back up during Delhi's frequent and disruptive power cuts. A few years ago, the power sector in Delhi was handed over to private companies. The distribution of electricity is carried out by companies run by Tata Power and Reliance Energy. The Delhi Fire Service runs 43 fire stations that attend about 15,000 fire and rescue calls per year.79 State-owned Mahanagar Telephone Nigam Limited (MTNL) and private enterprises like Vodafone Essar, Airtel, Idea cellular, Reliance Infocomm, and Tata Indicom provide telephone and cell phone service to the city. In May 2008, Airtel alone had approximately 4 million cellular subscribers in Delhi.80 Cellular coverage is extensive, and both GSM and CDMA (from Reliance and Tata Indicom) services are available. Affordable broadband penetration is increasing in the city.81 Transport Main article: Transport in Delhi The Indira Gandhi International Airport is one of the busiest airports in South Asia.82 Shown here is Terminal 1D of the airport. The Delhi Metro has an average ridership of 1.6 million commuters per day and runs at an operational profit.83 The DTC operates the world's largest fleet of CNG buses, totaling 90005184 Public transport in Delhi is provided by buses, auto rickshaws and a metro rail system. Buses are the most popular means of transport catering to about 60% of the total demand.85 The state-owned Delhi Transport Corporation (DTC) is a major bus service provider for the city. The DTC operates the world's largest fleet of environment-friendly CNG buses.86 Delhi BRTS is Bus rapid transit serving the city which runs between Ambedkar Nagar and Delhi Gate. The Delhi Metro, a mass rapid transit system built and operated by Delhi Metro Rail Corporation (DMRC), serves many parts of Delhi as well as the satellite city of Gurgaon in the neighbouring Haryana and Noida in neighbouring Uttar Pradesh. As of October 2010, the metro consists of six operational lines with a total length of 153 km (95 mi) and 130 stations while several other lines are under construction.87 The Phase-I was built at a cost of US$2.3 billion and the Phase-II will cost an additional US$4.3 billion.88 Phase-II of the network is under construction and will have a total length of 128 km. It is expected to be completed by 2010.89 Phase-III and IV will be completed by 2015 and 2020 respectively, creating a network spanning 413.8 km, longer than that of the London Underground. Auto rickshaws are a popular means of public transportation in Delhi, as they charge a lower fare than taxis. Most run on Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) and are yellow and green in colour. Taxis are not an integral part of Delhi public transport, though they are easily available. Private operators operate most taxis, and most neighborhoods have a taxi stand from which taxis can be ordered or picked up. In addition, air-conditioned radio taxis, which can be ordered by calling a central number, have become increasingly popular, charging a flat rate of 15 per kilometre. Delhi is a major junction in the rail map of India and is the headquarters of the Northern Railway. The five main railway stations are New Delhi Railway Station, Old Delhi, Nizamuddin Railway Station, Anand Vihar Railway Terminal and Sarai Rohilla.85 Delhi is connected to other cities through many highways and expressways. Delhi currently has three expressways and three are under construction to connect it with its prosperous and commercial suburbs. The Delhi-Gurgaon Expressway connects Delhi with Gurgaon and the international airport. The DND Flyway and Noida-Greater Noida Expressway connect Delhi with two prosperous suburbs of Noida and Greater Noida. Indira Gandhi International Airport (DEL) is situated in the western corner of Delhi and serves as the main gateway for the city's domestic and international civilian air traffic. In 2006–07, the airport recorded a traffic of more than 23 million passengers,9091 making it one of the busiest airports in South Asia. A new US$1.93 billion Terminal 3 handles an additional 34 million passengers annually in 2010.92 Further expansion programs will allow the airport to handle more than 100 million passengers per annum by 2020. Private vehicles account for 30% of the total demand for transport.85 At 1922.32 km of road length per 100 km², Delhi has one of the highest road densities in India.85 Delhi is well connected to other parts of India by five National Highways: NH 1, 2, 8, 10 and 24. Roads in Delhi are maintained by MCD (Municipal Corporation of Delhi), NDMC, Delhi Cantonment Board, Public Works Department (PWD) and Delhi Development Authority.93 Delhi's high population growth rate, coupled with high economic growth rate has resulted in an ever increasing demand for transport creating excessive pressure on the city's existent transport infrastructure. As of 2008. Also, the number of vehicles in the metropolitan region, i.e., Delhi NCR is 112 lakhs (11.2 million).94 In 2008, there were 85 cars in Delhi for every 1,000 of its residents.95 In order to meet the transport demand in Delhi, the State and Union government started the construction of a mass rapid transit system, including the Delhi Metro.85 In 1998, the Supreme Court of India ordered all public transport vehicles of Delhi to use compressed natural gas (CNG) as fuel instead of diesel and other hydro-carbons.96 Demographics Population Growth of Delhi Census Pop.  %± 1901 405,819 — 1911 413,851 2.0% 1921 488,452 18.0% 1931 636,246 30.3% 1941 917,939 44.3% 1951 1,744,072 90.0% 1961 2,658,612 52.4% 1971 4,065,698 52.9% 1981 6,220,406 53.0% 1991 9,420,644 51.4% 2001 13,782,976 46.3% source: delhiplanning.nic.in † Huge population rise in 1951 due to large scale migration after Partition of India in 1947. Hindus make up 82% of Delhi's population. Shown here is Akshardham Temple, the largest Hindu temple in the world.97 Sunset at the Bahá'í House of Worship in New Delhi, India, also called the Lotus Temple Muslims form 12% of Delhi's population. Shown here is Jama Masjid, the largest mosque in India. Many ethnic groups and cultures are represented in Delhi, making it a cosmopolitan city. Being the political and economic hub of northern India, the city attracts workers – both blue collar and white collar – from all parts of India, further enhancing its diverse character. A diplomatic hub, home to the embassies of 160 countries, Delhi has a large expatriate population as well.citation needed According to the 2001 Census of India, the population of Delhi that year was 13,782,976.1 The corresponding population density was 9,294 persons per km², with a sex ratio of 821 women per 1000 men, and a literacy rate of 81.82%. By 2004, the estimated population had increased to 15,279,000. That year, the birth rate, death rate and infant mortality rate (per 1000 population) were 20.03, 5.59 and 13.08, respectively.98 As of 2007, the National Capital Territory of Delhi had an estimated population of 21.5 million people, making it the second largest metropolitan area in India after Mumbai.99 According a 1999–2000 estimate, the total number of people living below the poverty line, defined as living on $11 or less per month, in Delhi was 1,149,000 (which was 8.23% of the total population, compared to 27.5% of India as a whole).100 In 2001, the population of Delhi increased by 285,000 as a result of migration and by an additional 215,000 as a result of natural population growth98 – this made Delhi one of the fastest growing cities in the world. By 2015, Delhi is expected to be the third-largest agglomeration in the world after Tokyo and Mumbai.101 Dwarka, Asia's largest planned residential colony, is located within the National Capital Territory of Delhi.102 Hinduism is the religion of 80% of Delhi's population. There are also large communities of Muslims (10%), Sikhs (7.9%), Baha'i (0.1%), Jains (1.1%) and Christians (0.9%) in the city.103 Other minorities include Parsis, Anglo-Indians, Buddhists and Jews.104 Hindustani language is the principal spoken language while English is the principal written language of the city. Other languages commonly spoken in the city are dialects of Hindi, Punjabi and Urdu. The linguistic groups from all over India are well represented in the city; among them are Punjabi, Haryanvi, UP, Rajasthani, Bihari, Bengali, Sindhi, Tamil, Garhwali ,Telugu, North-East, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi and Gujarati.citation needed In 2005, Delhi accounted for the highest percentage (16.2%) of the crimes reported in the 35 cities in India with populations of one million or more.105 The city also has the highest rate of crime against women (27.6 compared to national average rate of 14.1 per 100,000) and against children (6.5 compared to national average of 1.4 per 100,000) in the country.106 Culture See also: Culture of India Traditional pottery on display in Dilli Haat Rice and Kadhai Chicken from Delhi Delhi's culture has been influenced by its lengthy history and historic association as the capital of India. This is exemplified by the many monuments of significance found in the city; the Archaeological Survey of India recognises 1200 heritage buildings107 and 175 monuments in Delhi as national heritage sites.108 The Old City is the site where the Mughals and the Turkic rulers constructed several architectural marvels like the Jama Masjid (India's largest mosque)109 and Red Fort. Three World Heritage Sites—the Red Fort, Qutab Minar and Humayun's Tomb—are located in Delhi.110 Other monuments include the India Gate, the Jantar Mantar (an 18th-century astronomical observatory) and the Purana Qila (a 16th century fortress). The Laxminarayan Temple, Akshardham, the Bahá'í Lotus Temple and the ISKCON Temple are examples of modern architecture. Raj Ghat and associated memorials houses memorials of Mahatma Gandhi and other notable personalities. New Delhi houses several government buildings and official residences reminiscent of the British colonial architecture. Important structures include the Rashtrapati Bhavan, the Secretariat, Rajpath, the Parliament of India and Vijay Chowk. Safdarjung's Tomb is an example of the Mughal gardens style.citation needed Delhi's association and geographic proximity to the capital, New Delhi, has amplified the importance of national events and holidays. National events like Republic Day, Independence Day and Gandhi Jayanti (Gandhi's birthday) are celebrated with great enthusiasm in Delhi. On India's Independence Day (15 August) the Prime Minister of India addresses the nation from the Red Fort. Most Delhiites celebrate the day by flying kites, which are considered a symbol of freedom.111 The Republic Day Parade is a large cultural and military parade showcasing India's cultural diversity and military might.112113 Over the centuries Delhi is known for its composite culture, and a festival that symbolizes it truly is the Phool Walon Ki Sair, which takes place each year in September, and where flowers and fans embroidered with flowers, pankha are offered to the shrine of 13th century Sufi saint, Khwaja Bakhtiyar Kaki, along with the Yogmaya Temple also situated in Mehrauli.114 Religious festivals include Diwali (the festival of lights), Mahavir Jayanti, Guru Nanak's Birthday, Durga Puja, Holi, Lohri, Chhath, Krishna Janmastami, Maha Shivaratri, Eid ul-Fitr, Moharram and Buddha Jayanti.113 The Qutub Festival is a cultural event during which performances of musicians and dancers from all over India are showcased at night, with the Qutub Minar as the chosen backdrop of the event.115 Other events such as Kite Flying Festival, International Mango Festival and Vasant Panchami (the Spring Festival) are held every year in Delhi. The Auto Expo, Asia's largest auto show,116 is held in Delhi biennially. The World Book Fair, held biannually at the Pragati Maidan, is the second largest exhibition of books in the world with as many as 23 nations participating in the event.117 Delhi is often regarded as the "Book Capital" of India because of high readership.118 The Auto Expo is held annually at Pragati Maidan and showcases the technological prowess of the Indian automobile industry Punjabi and Mughlai delicacies like kababs and biryanis are popular in Delhi. The street food there is known to be delicious and includes chaat, golgappe and aloo tikki.119120 Due to Delhi's large cosmopolitan and migrant population, cuisines from every part of India, including Gujarati Rajasthani, Maharashtrian, Bengali, Hyderabadi cuisines, and South Indian food items like idli, sambar and dosa are widely available. Local delicacies include Chaat, Golgappe, Aloo-Tikki and Dahi-Papri. There are several food outlets in Delhi serving international cuisine, including Italian, Japanese, Continental, Middle-Eastern, Thai and Chinese. Within the last decade western fast food has become more popular as well. Historically, Delhi has always remained an important trading centre in northern India. Old Delhi still contains legacies of its rich Mughal past, which can be found among the old city's tangle of snaking lanes and teeming bazaars.121 The dingy markets of the Old City have an eclectic product range, from oil-swamped mango, lime and eggplant pickles, candy-colored herbal potions to silver jewelry, bridal attire, uncut material and linen, spices, sweets.121 Some of old regal havelis (palatial residences) are still there in the Old City.122 Chandni Chowk, a three-century-old shopping area, is one of the most popular shopping areas in Delhi for jewellery and Zari saris.123 Notable among Delhi's arts and crafts are the Zardozi (an embroidery done with gold thread) and Meenakari (the art of enameling). Dilli Haat, Hauz Khas, Pragati Maidan offer a variety of Indian handicrafts and handlooms. Over time Delhi has absorbed a multitude of humanity from across the country and has morphed into an amorphous pool of cultural styles.16124 Education Main article: Education in Delhi Consistently ranked as India's top medical college,125 All India Institute of Medical Sciences is a global leader in medical research and treatment126 Schools and higher educational institutions in Delhi are administered either by the Directorate of Education, the NCT government, or private organizations. In 2004–05, there were 2,515 primary, 635 middle, 504 secondary and 1,208 senior secondary schools in Delhi. That year, the higher education institutions in the city included 165 colleges, among them five medical colleges and eight engineering colleges,127 seven major universities (Delhi University, Jawaharlal Nehru University, Jamia Millia Islamia, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University (GGSIPU), National Law University, Indira Gandhi National Open University (IGNOU) and Jamia Hamdard), and nine deemed universities.127 Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University and National Law University are the only state universities; IGNOU is for open/distance learning; the rest are all central universities. Delhi boasts of being home to 3 of top 10 engineering colleges in India – IIT Delhi, NSIT (Formerly DIT) and DTU (Formerly DCE). Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi is ranked as Asia's fourth-best institute in science and technology in year 1999.128 Private schools in Delhi—which employ either English or Hindi as the language of instruction—are affiliated to one of two administering bodies: the Council for the Indian School Certificate Examinations (CISCE), the Central Board for Secondary Education (CBSE) and the National Institute of Open Schooling (NIOS). In 2004–05, approximately 15.29 lakh (1.529 million) students were enrolled in primary schools, 8.22 lakh (0.822 million) in middle schools and 6.69 lakh (0.669 million) in secondary schools across Delhi.127 Female students represented 49% of the total enrollment. The same year, the Delhi government spent between 1.58% and 1.95% of its gross state domestic product on education.127 After completing the ten-year secondary phase of their education under the 10+2+3/4 plan, students typically spend the next two years either in junior colleges or in schools with senior secondary facilities, during which their studies become more focused. They select a stream of study—liberal arts, commerce, science, or, less commonly, vocational. Upon completion, those who choose to continue, either study for a three-year undergraduate degree at a college, or a professional degree in law, engineering, or medicine. Notable higher education or research institutes in Delhi include All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Dr.Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital & PGIMER, Maulana Azad Medical College, Jawaharlal Nehru University, Indian Statistical Institute, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Indian Institute of Foreign Trade, Delhi Technological University, National Law University, Delhi, Netaji Subhas Institute of Technology, Indian Law Institute, Delhi School of Economics, Jamia Millia Islamia. As of 2008, about 16% of all Delhi residents possessed at least a college graduate degree.129 Media Pitampura TV Tower broadcasts programming to Delhi As the capital of India, New Delhi is the focus of political reportage, including regular television broadcasts of Parliament sessions. Many country-wide media agencies, among them the state-owned Press Trust of India , Media Trust Of India and Doordarshan, are based in the city. Television programming in the city includes two free terrestrial television channels offered by Doordarshan, and several Hindi, English and regional-languages cable channels offered by multi system operators. Satellite television, in contrast, has yet to gain large-scale subscribership in the city.130 Print journalism remains a popular news medium in Delhi. During 2004–05, 1029 newspapers in thirteen languages were published from the city. Of these, 492 were Urdu and Hindi language newspapers, including Navbharat Times, Hindustan Dainik, Punjab Kesari, Pavitra Bharat, Dainik Jagran, Dainik Bhaskar and Dainik Desbandhu. Amongst the English language newspapers, The Hindustan Times, with over a million copies in circulation, was the single largest daily. Other major English newspapers include Times of India, The Hindu, Indian Express, Business Standard, The Pioneer and Asian Age . Regional dailies include Malayala Manorama and Dinakaran. Radio is a less popular mass medium in Delhi, although FM radio has been gaining ground131 since the inauguration of several new FM channels in 2006.132 A number of state-owned and private radio stations broadcast from Delhi, including All India Radio (AIR), one of the world's largest radio service providers, which offers six radio channels in ten languages. Other city-based radio stations include "Aaj Tak", "Radio City(91.1 MHz)", "Big FM(92.7 MHz)", "Red FM(93.5MHz)", "Radio One(94.3 MHz)", "Hit FM(95 MHz)", "Apna Radio", "Radio Mirchi(98.3 MHz)", "FM Rainbow(102.4 MHz)", "Fever FM(104 MHz)", "Meow FM(104.8 MHz)", "FM Gold(106.4 MHz)". Various news and general interest magazines are also published from Delhi like India Today, Outlook, COVERT and many more. Sports Main article: Sports in Delhi The 2010 Commonwealth Games was the largest sports event held in India. Shown here is the Opening Ceremony at the Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium, the third largest stadium in India. Cricket and soccer are the most popular sports in Delhi.133 There are several cricket grounds (or maidans) located across the city. The Feroz Shah Kotla stadium is one of the oldest cricket grounds in India and is a venue for international cricket matches. The Delhi cricket team represents the city in the Ranji Trophy, a domestic first-class cricket championship.134 The city is also home to the IPL team Delhi Daredevils, and ICL team Delhi Giants (earlier named Delhi Jets). Football is a very popular sport in the city and is home to the newly formed AIFF-u19 club which will take part in the 2011 format of the I League. The only football stadium in Delhi is the Ambedkar Stadium which holds 20000 people though in the past few years due to tremendous rise in popularity of the sport has held up to 50000 people in the past years.Delhi even witnessed India winning back to back trophies in football in the form of the 2007 Nehru Cup defeating Syria 1–0 AFC Challenge Cup 2008 defeating favourites Tajikistan 4–1 by a stellar performance by local Star Sunil Chhetri and the 2009 Nehru Cup. Rugby has become an increasingly popular sport among youngsters and the city is home to the Delhi Lions and Delhi Hurricanes. The city successfully played host to 2010 Asian Five Nations Rugby Tournament's Division Two match between India and Philippines. The Philippines defeated India to win promotion to Division One in 2011, and maintain their unbeaten record within the tournament in 2010. The Only Stadium in the city for this particular sport is in the Delhi University North Campus. Boxing and shooting figure among increasingly popular sports in the suburb of Gurgaon. Formula 1 has now got a circuit in India in Greater Noida, a suburb of Delhi in the twin cities area of (Noida-Greater Noida), which is all set to host the Indian Grand Prix in October 2011 with the Jaypee Group constructing the circuit. It is set to be among the top 5 fastest circuits in the world. The team, Force India F1, was formed in October 2007 when a consortium led by Indian businessman Vijay Mallya and Michiel Mol bought the Spyker F1 team for € 88 million. Force India F1 represents increased Indian participation within Formula One. Golf is also a very popular sport in the capital city and the National Capital Region, which is home to the highest number of golf courses in India. Other sports such as field hockey, basketball, tennis, squash, badminton, swimming, kart racing, weightlifting, table tennis, cycling, roller skating and cue sports, such as snooker, billiards and diving are also popular.citation needed Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium and the Indira Gandhi Indoor Stadium are other stadiums in Delhi. In the past, Delhi has hosted several domestic and international sporting events, such as the First and the Ninth Asian Games.135 Delhi hosted the 2010 Commonwealth Games, the largest multi-sport event ever held in India. Delhi lost bidding for the 2014 Asian Games,136 and considered making a bid for the 2020 Summer Olympics.137 However, sports minister Manohar Singh Gill later stated that funding infrastructure would come before a 2020 bid.138 The mess left after the Commonwealth Games prompted Prime Minister Manmohan Singh to replace sports and youth affairs minister Manohar Singh Gill with Ajay Maken in the 19 January 2011 cabinet reshuffle.139 Sister cities and twin regions Delhi has the following sister cities, with which it shares good relations:140 City Country London United Kingdom Seoul South Korea Chicago United States Washington United States Los Angeles United States Sydney Australia Kuala Lumpur Malaysia Moscow Russia Tokyo Japan Ulan Bator Mongolia Paris France Twin region Delhi is also twinned with the following region: Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan See also Delhi portal Delhi Metro List of tourist attractions in Delhi List of shopping malls in Delhi References ^ a b "Provisional Population Totals: Delhi". Provisional Population Totals : India . Census of India 2001, Paper 1 of 2001. Office of the Registrar General, India. Archived from the original on 11 August 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20070811095710/http://www.censusindia.net/profiles/del.html. Retrieved 8 January 2007.  ^ a b "World Urbanization Prospects: The 2009 Revision Population Database". UN. http://esa.un.org/unpd/wup/index.htm. Retrieved 2 April 2019.  ^ "General info on Delhi". Government of India. http://isc2001.nic.in/delhi.htm. Retrieved 3 May 2006.  ^ Irfan Habib, The agrarian system of Mughal India, 1556-1707, Oxford University Press, 1999, ISBN 9780195623291, http://books.google.co.in/books?id=0ymFAAAAIAAJ, "... The current Survey of India spellings are followed for place names except where they vary rather noticeably from the spellings in our sources: thus I read "Dehli" not "Delhi ..."  ^ Royal Asiatic Society, Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain & Ireland, Cambridge University Press, 1834, http://books.google.co.in/books?id=mtosAAAAIAAJ, "... also Dehli or Dilli, not Delhi ..."  ^ L.T. Karamchandani, India, the beautiful, Sita Publication, 1968, http://books.google.co.in/books?id=_sHWfveQGksC, "... According to available evidence the present Delhi, spelt in Hindustani as Dehli or Dilli, derived its name from King ..."  ^ The National geographical journal of India, Volume 40, National Geographical Society of India, 1994, http://books.google.co.in/books?id=aqqAAAAAMAAJ, "... The name which remained the most popular is Dilli with variation in its pronunciation as Dilli, Dehli, or Delhi ..."  ^ a b Asher, Catherine B (2000) [2000]. "Chapter 9:Delhi walled: Changing Boundaries". In James D. Tracy. City Walls. Cambridge University Press. pp. 247–281. ISBN 0521652219. http://books.google.com/?id=gSupaU3vVacC&pg=PA249&lpg=PA249&dq=delhi+continuously+inhabited. Retrieved 1 November 2008.  ^ a b c "Delhi History". Delhi Tourism. Advent InfoSoft (P) Ltd. http://www.indiatourism.com/delhi-history/index.html. Retrieved 22 December 2006. dead link ^ a b c d e f g h "Chapter 1: Introduction" (PDF). Economic Survey of Delhi, 2005–2006. Planning Department, Government of National Capital Territory of Delhi. pp. pp1–7. http://delhiplanning.nic.in/Economic%20Survey/ES%202005-06/Chpt/1.pdf. Retrieved 21 December 2006.  ^ Necipoglu, Gulru (2002) [2002]. "Epigraphs, Scripture, and Architecture in the Early Sultanate of Delhi". Muqarnas: An Annual on the Visual Culture of the Islamic World. BRILL. pp. 12–43. ISBN 9004125930. http://books.google.com/?id=UJc2u33fCKQC&pg=PA16&dq=delhi+sultanate+political+center+city+delhi. Retrieved 1 November 2008.  ^ Aitken, Bill (2001) [2002]. Speaking Stones: World Cultural Heritage Sites in India. Eicher Goodearth Limited. pp. 264 pages. ISBN 8187780002. http://books.google.com/?id=lu5jGGQ8fJkC&pg=PA21&dq=delhi+continuously+inhabited. Retrieved 1 November 2008.  ^ The Encyclopedia Americana: A Library of Universal Knowledge. 8. Encyclopedia Americana Corp. 1918. p. 621. http://books.google.com/?id=oa1PAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA621&dq=delhi+capital+1911#PPA621,M1. Retrieved 1 November 2008.  ^ Sehgal, R.L. (1998) [1998]. Slum Upgradation: Emerging Issue & Policy Implication's. Bookwell Publications. p. 97. ISBN 8185040184. http://books.google.com/?id=ONFPAAAAMAAJ&q=shahjanabad+built&dq=shahjanabad+built. Retrieved 1 November 2008.  ^ Vale, Lawrence J. (1992). Architecture, power, and national identity. Yale University Press. pp. 88–100. ISBN 030004958. http://books.google.com/?id=3Fm3XlYuSzAC&pg=RA1-PA88&dq=delhi+capital+india+calcutta+george. Retrieved 1 November 2008.  ^ a b Dayal, Ravi (July 2002). "A Kayastha’s View". Seminar (web edition) (515). http://www.india-seminar.com/2002/515/515%20ravi%20dayal.htm. Retrieved 29 January 2007.  ^ Bakshi, S.R. (1995) [2002]. Delhi Through Ages. Anmol Publications PVT. LTD. p. 2. ISBN 8174881387.  ^ a b Smith, George (1882). The Geography of British India, Political & Physical. J. Murray. pp. 216–217. http://books.google.com/?id=C20DAAAAQAAJ&dq=raja+delhi+BC. Retrieved 1 November 2008.  ^ "Our Pasts II, History Textbook for Class VII". NCERT. Archived from the original on 23 June 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20070623140748/http://www.ncert.nic.in/textbooks/testing/Index.htm. Retrieved 6 July 2007.  ^ Cohen, Richard J. (October–December 1989). "An Early Attestation of the Toponym Dhilli". Journal of the American Oriental Society 109 (4): 513–519. doi:10.2307/604073. http://jstor.org/stable/604073.  ^ Austin, Ian; Thhakur Nahar Singh Jasol. "Chauhans (Cahamanas, Cauhans)". The Mewar Encyclopedia. mewarindia.com. Archived from the original on 14 November 2006. http://web.archive.org/web/20061114120751/http://mewarindia.com/ency/chat.html. Retrieved 22 December 2006.  ^ John Murray, A handbook for travellers in India, Burma and Ceylon, J. Murray, 1924, http://books.google.com/books?id=0kEKAQAAIAAJ, "... " Dilli hanoz dur ast " (" Delhi is still far off")— has passed into the currency of a proverb ..."  ^ a b S. W. Fallon, Dihlavi Fakir Chand, A dictionary of Hindustani proverbs, Printed at the Medical hall press, 1886, http://books.google.com/books?id=hh8UAAAAYAAJ, "... Abhi Dilli dur hai ..."  ^ India today, Volume 31, Issues 13-25, Thomson Living Media India Ltd., 2006, http://books.google.com/books?id=iWlDAAAAYAAJ, "... As the saying in Hindustani goes: "Dilli dilwalon ki (Delhi belongs to those with a heart)". So shed your inhibitions and try out your hand ..."  ^ "Under threat: The Magnificent Minaret of Jam". The New Courier No 1. UNESCO. October 2002. http://portal.unesco.org/en/ev.php-URL_ID=6643&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html. Retrieved 3 May 2006.  ^ Petersen, Andrew (1999). Dictionary of Islamic Architecture. Routledge. ISBN 0415213320. http://books.google.com/?id=gVQj7bW0W9MC&pg=PA204&dq=humayun%27s+tomb+architecture+mughal. Retrieved 14 November 2008.  ^ "India: Qutb Minar and its Monuments, Delhi" (PDF). State of Conservation of the World Heritage Properties in the Asia-Pacific Region: : Summaries of Periodic Reports 2003 by property, Section II. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. pp. pp71–72. Archived from the original on 24 May 2006. http://web.archive.org/web/20060524155833/http://whc.unesco.org/archive/periodicreporting/cycle01/section2/233-summary.pdf. Retrieved 22 December 2006.  ^ "Battuta's Travels: Delhi, capital of Muslim India". Sfusd.k12.ca.us. Archived from the original on 23 April 2008. http://web.archive.org/web/20080423014415/http://www.sfusd.k12.ca.us/schwww/sch618/Ibn_Battuta/Battuta's_Trip_Seven.html. Retrieved 7 September 2009.  ^ "The Islamic World to 1600: The Mongol Invasions (The Timurid Empire)". Ucalgary.ca. http://www.ucalgary.ca/applied_history/tutor/islam/mongols/timurid.html. Retrieved 7 September 2009.  ^ "Genocide: a history". W. D. Rubinstein (2004). p.28. ISBN 0-582-50601-8 ^ Upadhyay, R (16 February 2004). "Sufism in India: Its Origin, History and Politics". South Asia Analysis Group. http://www.saag.org/common/uploaded_files/paper924.html. Retrieved 20 January 2007.  ^ "Sher Shah – The Lion King". India's History : Medieval India. indhistory.com. http://www.indhistory.com/sher-shah-suri.html. Retrieved 22 December 2006.  ^ Akbar the Great,Srivastva,A.L.Vol.1 pages 24–26 ^ Himu-a forgotten Hindu Hero," Bhartiya Vidya Bhawan, p100 ^ Kar,L.Colonel H.C."Military History of India"' Calcutta 1980,p 283 ^ Thomas, Amelia. Rajasthan, Delhi and Agra. Lonely Planet. ISBN 9781741046908.  ^ Iran in the Age of the Raj ^ Gordon, Stewart. The Marathas 1600–1818, Volume 2. Cambridge University Press, 1993. ISBN 9780521268837.  ^ Mayaram, Shail. Against history, against state: counterperspectives from the margins Cultures of history. Columbia University Press, 2003. ISBN 9780231127318.  ^ "Fall in Delhi birth rate fails to arrest population rise". Chennai, India: The Hindu. 3 January 2005. http://www.hindu.com/2005/01/03/stories/2005010311230300.htm. Retrieved 19 December 2006.  ^ a b "THE CONSTITUTION (SIXTY-NINTH AMENDMENT) ACT, 1991". THE CONSTITUTION (AMENDMENT) ACTS, THE CONSTITUTION OF INDIA. National Informatics Centre, Ministry of Communications and Information Technology, Government of India. http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend69.htm. Retrieved 8 January 2007.  ^ "Terrorists attack Parliament; five intruders, six cops killed". rediff.com. 13 December 2001. http://www.rediff.com/news/2001/dec/13parl1.htm. Retrieved 2 November 2008.  ^ "India and Pakistan: Who will strike first?". Economist. 20 December 2001. http://www.economist.com/printedition/displayStory.cfm?Story_ID=917228. Retrieved 2 November 2008.  ^ "Delhi blasts death toll at 62: World: News: News24". News24.com. http://www.news24.com/News24/World/News/0,,2-10-1462_1826434,00.html. Retrieved 3 November 2008. dead link ^ Tripathi, Rahul (14 September 2008). "Serial blasts rock Delhi; 30 dead, 90 injured-India-The Times of India". Timesofindia.indiatimes.com. http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/Serial_blasts_rock_Delhi_18_dead/articleshow/3479914.cms. Retrieved 3 November 2008.  ^ "Introduction". THE NEW DELHI MUNICIPAL COUNCIL ACT, 1994. New Delhi Municipal Council. http://www.ndmc.gov.in/AboutNDMC/NNDMCAct.aspx. Retrieved 3 July 2007.  ^ The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language (Fourth ed.). Houghton Mifflin Company. 2000.  ^ Mohan, Madan (April 2002). "GIS-Based Spatial Information Integration, Modeling and Digital Mapping: A New Blend of Tool for Geospatial Environmental Health Analysis for Delhi Ridge" (PDF). Spatial Information for Health Monitoring and Population Management. FIG XXII International Congress. pp. p5. http://www.fig.net/pub/fig_2002/Ts3-9/TS3_9_mohan.pdf. Retrieved 3 February 2007.  ^ "Hazard profiles of Indian districts" (PDF). National Capacity Building Project in Disaster Management. UNDP. Archived from the original on 19 May 2006. http://web.archive.org/web/20060519100611/http://www.undp.org.in/dmweb/hazardprofile.pdf. Retrieved 23 August 2006.  ^ Delhi 'third greenest' city ^ a b c Express India ^ "Fog continues to disrupt flights, trains". Chennai, India: The Hindu. 7 January 2006. http://www.hindu.com/2005/01/07/stories/2005010719480300.htm. Retrieved 16 May 2006.  ^ "At 0.2 degrees Celsius, Delhi gets its coldest day". Hindustan Times. 8 January 2006. Archived from the original on 11 January 2006. http://web.archive.org/web/20060111153439/http://www.hindustantimes.com/news/181_1593200,000600010001.htm. Retrieved 29 April 2006.  ^ "Weatherbase entry for Delhi". Canty and Associates LLC. http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather.php3?s=28124&refer=&units=metric. Retrieved 16 January 2007.  ^ Kurian, Vinson (28 June 2005). "Monsoon reaches Delhi two days ahead of schedule". The Hindu Business Line. http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/2005/06/28/stories/2005062800830200.htm. Retrieved 9 January 2007.  ^ "Historical Weather for Delhi, India". Weather Underground. http://www.wunderground.com/NORMS/DisplayIntlNORMS.asp?CityCode=42182&Units=both. Retrieved 27 November 2008.  ^ Urbanization and social change: a ... - Google Books ^ "Table 3.1: Delhi Last 10 Years (1991–2001) — Administrative Set Up" (PDF). Economic Survey of Delhi, 2001–2002. Planning Department, Government of National Capital Territory of Delhi. pp. p177. http://delhiplanning.nic.in/Economic%20Survey/Ecosur2001-02/PDF/chap3(table).PDF. Retrieved 3 July 2007.  ^ "About Us". Municipal Corporation of Delhi. http://www.mcdonline.gov.in/. Retrieved 13 May 2006.  ^ "History of Delhi Police". Delhi Police Headquarters, New Delhi, India. http://www.delhipolice.nic.in/home/history1.htm. Retrieved 19 December 2006.  ^ "Poile Stations". Government of National Capital Territory of Delhi. http://delhigovt.nic.in/newdelhi/police.html. Retrieved 19 December 2006.  ^ Delhi moots traffic umbrella body ^ "Delhi: Assembly Constituencies". Compare Infobase Limited. http://www.mapsofindia.com/assemblypolls/delhi.html. Retrieved 19 December 2006.  ^ "Lok Sabha constituencies get a new profile". The Hindu (Chennai, India: The Hindu). 7 September 2006. http://www.hindu.com/2006/09/07/stories/2006090710630400.htm. Retrieved 19 December 2006.  ^ "Budget Speech 2008–2009" (PDF). http://finance.delhigovt.nic.in/circular/budget_speech2008-09.pdf. Retrieved 7 September 2009.  ^ a b "Chapter 2: State Income" (PDF). Economic Survey of Delhi, 2005–2006. Planning Department, Government of National Capital Territory of Delhi. pp. pp8–16. http://delhiplanning.nic.in/Economic%20Survey/ES%202005-06/Chpt/2.pdf.  ^ "Know India: Delhi". India.gov.in. http://india.gov.in/knowindia/ut_delhi.php. Retrieved 7 September 2009.  ^ Mohan, Vibhor (16 September 2008). "Chandigarh's per capita income highest in India-Chandigarh-Cities-The Times of India". Timesofindia.indiatimes.com. http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/Chandigarhs_per_capita_income_highest_in_India/articleshow/3487128.cms. Retrieved 3 November 2008.  ^ a b c d "Chapter 5: Employment and Unemployment" (PDF). Economic Survey of Delhi, 2005–06. Planning Department, Government of National Capital Territory of Delhi. pp. pp59–65. http://delhiplanning.nic.in/Economic%20Survey/ES%202005-06/Chpt/5.pdf.  ^ "Industries in Delhi". Mapsofindia.com. http://www.mapsofindia.com/delhi/industries-in-delhi.html. Retrieved 7 September 2009.  ^ "Chapter 9: Industrial Development" (PDF). Economic Survey of Delhi, 2005–06. Planning Department, Government of National Capital Territory of Delhi. pp. pp94–107. http://delhiplanning.nic.in/Economic%20Survey/ES%202005-06/Chpt/9.pdf.  ^ "Delhi hot favourite retail destination in India- Corporate Trends-News By Company-News-The Economic Times". Economictimes.indiatimes.com. http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/News/News_By_Industry/Services/Hotels__Restaurants/Delhi_Indias_hot_favourite_retail_destination/rssarticleshow/2983387.cms. Retrieved 3 November 2008.  ^ "India's Retail Industry". India Brand Equity Foundation. http://www.ibef.org/industry/retail.aspx. Retrieved 4 January 2007.  ^ Majumder, Sanjoy (21 May 2007). "Supermarkets devour Indian traders". South Asia (BBC). http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/6667199.stm. Retrieved 3 July 2007.  ^ a b "Chapter 13: Water Supply and Sewerage" (PDF). Economic Survey of Delhi, 2005–2006. Planning Department, Government of National Capital Territory of Delhi. pp. pp147–162. http://delhiplanning.nic.in/Economic%20Survey/ES%202005-06/Chpt/13.pdf. Retrieved 21 December 2006.  ^ Joshi, Sandeep (19 June 2006). "MCD developing new landfill site". Chennai, India: The Hindu. http://www.hindu.com/2006/06/19/stories/2006061915630400.htm. Retrieved 19 December 2006.  ^ a b Gadhok, Taranjot Kaur. "Risks in Delhi: Environmental concerns". Natural Hazard Management. GISdevelopment.net. http://www.gisdevelopment.net/application/natural_hazards/overview/nho0019pf.htm. Retrieved 19 December 2006.  ^ "Chapter 11: Energy" (PDF). Economic Survey of Delhi, 2005–06. Planning Department, Government of National Capital Territory of Delhi. pp. pp117–129. http://delhiplanning.nic.in/Economic%20Survey/ES%202005-06/Chpt/11.pdf. Retrieved 21 December 2006.  ^ "About Us". Delhi Fire Service. Govt. of NCT of Delhi. http://dfs.delhigovt.nic.in/aboutf.html. Retrieved 9 January 2007.  ^ "Airtel now has 40-lakh subscribers in Delhi". The Hindu (Chennai, India). 17 May 2008. http://www.hindu.com/2008/05/17/stories/2008051750970300.htm. Retrieved 2 November 2008.  ^ Joshi, Sandeep (2 January 2007). "MTNL stems decline in phone surrender rate". New Delhi Printer Friendly Page (Chennai, India: The Hindu). http://www.hindu.com/2007/01/02/stories/2007010220140300.htm. Retrieved 10 January 2007.  ^ "Delhi Indira Gandhi International Airport (IGI)". Airport-delhi.com. 2 May 1986. http://airport-delhi.com/. Retrieved 7 September 2009.  ^ "Delhi Metro chief justifies fare hike". The Times of India. 12 November 2009. http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/delhi/Delhi-Metro-chief-justifies-fare-hike/articleshow/5222856.cms. Retrieved 12 November 2009.  ^ "Delhi's CNG success inspiring many countries: Naik". outlookindia.com. Press Trust of India (Outlook Publishing (India) Private Limited). 11 December 2002. http://www.outlookindia.com/pti_news.asp?gid=48&id=103516. Retrieved 2 November 2008.  ^ a b c d e "Chapter 12: Transport" (PDF). Economic Survey of Delhi, 2005–2006. Planning Department, Government of National Capital Territory of Delhi. pp. pp130–146. http://delhiplanning.nic.in/Economic%20Survey/ES%202005-06/Chpt/12.pdf. Retrieved 21 December 2006.  ^ "Citizen Charter". Delhi Transport Corporation. http://dtc.nic.in/ccharter.htm. Retrieved 21 December 2006.  ^ "Delhi metro to JLN Stadium rolls out, Phase-II almost complete". Daily News and Analysis (DNA). 3 October 2010. http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report_delhi-metro-to-jln-stadium-rolls-out-phase-ii-almost-complete_1446853. Retrieved 3 October 2010.  ^ "Bloomberg.com: Opinion". Bloomberg.com. http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601039&refer=columnist_mukherjee&sid=afv8Sf2MUvac. Retrieved 3 November 2008.  ^ "Get ready for revolution on wheels- Shipping / Transport-Transportation-News By Industry-News-The Economic Times". Economictimes.indiatimes.com. http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/Shipping__Transport/Get_ready_for_revolution_on_wheels/articleshow/3332826.cms. Retrieved 3 November 2008.  ^ Indira Gandhi International Airport ^ "Delhi – Indira Gandhi International Airport (DEL) information". Essential Travel Ltd., UK.. http://parking.essentialtravel.co.uk/worldairport/india/delhi.htm. Retrieved 29 April 2006.  ^ "Daily Times – Leading News Resource of Pakistan". Dailytimes.com.pk. http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2007\02\18\story_18-2-2007_pg5_24. Retrieved 3 November 2008.  ^ I.Prasada Rao; Dr. P.K. Kanchan, Dr. P.K. Nanda. "GIS Based Maintenance Management System (GMMS) For Major Roads Of Delhi". Map India 2006: Transportation. GISdevelopment.net. http://www.gisdevelopment.net/proceedings/mapindia/2006/transportation/mi06tran_200.htm. Retrieved 14 January 2007.  ^ "Traffic snarl snaps 42 Cr man-hour from Delhi, NCR workers at iGovernment". Igovernment.in. http://www.igovernment.in/site/traffic-snarl-snaps-42-cr-man-hour-from-delhi-ncr-workers/. Retrieved 3 November 2008.  ^ "Every 12th Delhiite owns a car- Automobiles-Auto-News By Industry-News-The Economic Times". Economictimes.indiatimes.com. http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/Every_12th_Delhiite_owns_a_car/articleshow/2667484.cms. Retrieved 3 November 2008.  ^ Armin Rosencranz; Michael Jackson. "Introduction" (PDF). The Delhi Pollution Case: The Supreme Court of India and the Limits of Judicial Power. indlaw.com. p. 3. http://www.cleanairnet.org/caiasia/1412/articles-69423_delhi_case.pdf. Retrieved 14 January 2007.  ^ World's Largest Hindu Temple ^ a b "Chapter 3: Demographic Profile" (PDF). Economic Survey of Delhi, 2005–2006. Planning Department, Government of National Capital Territory of Delhi. pp. pp17–31. http://delhiplanning.nic.in/Economic%20Survey/ES%202005-06/Chpt/3.pdf. Retrieved 21 December 2006.  ^ "Is Delhi India's Largest City? – Population Reference Bureau". Prb.org. http://www.prb.org/Articles/2007/delhi.aspx. Retrieved 3 November 2008.  ^ "Chapter 21: Poverty Line in Delhi" (PDF). Economic Survey of Delhi, 2005–2006. Planning Department, Government of National Capital Territory of Delhi. pp. pp227–231. http://delhiplanning.nic.in/Economic%20Survey/ES%202005-06/Chpt/21.pdf. Retrieved 21 December 2006.  ^ "World Urbanization Prospects The 2003 Revision." ([PDF). United Nations. pp. p7. http://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/wup2003/2003WUPHighlights.pdf. Retrieved 29 April 2006.  ^ Can’t afford to fall ill in Dwarka, Hindustan Times, 16 July 2009 ^ "Indian Census". Censusindia.gov.in. http://www.censusindia.gov.in/. Retrieved 7 September 2009.  ^ "Data on Religion". Census of India 2001. p. 1. Archived from the original on 12 August 2007index.html. http://web.archive.org/web/20070812011525/http://www.censusindia.net/religiondata/index.html. Retrieved 16 May 2006.  ^ National Crime Records Bureau (2005). "Crimes in Megacities" (PDF). Crime in India-2005. Ministry of Home Affairs. pp. 159–160. http://ncrb.nic.in/crime2005/cii-2005/CHAP2.pdf. Retrieved 9 January 2007. dead link ^ National Crime Records Bureau (2005). "Snapshots-2005" (PDF). Crime in India-2005. Ministry of Home Affairs. p. 3. http://ncrb.nic.in/crime2005/cii-2005/Snapshots.pdf. Retrieved 9 January 2007. dead link ^ PTI 27 February 2009, 03:07am IST (27 February 2009). "'Promote lesser-known monuments of Delhi'-Delhi-Cities-The Times of India". Timesofindia.indiatimes.com. http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/Cities/Promote-Delhi-heritage-for-Games/articleshow/4194014.cms. Retrieved 7 September 2009.  ^ "Delhi Circle (NCT of Delhi)". List of Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains of National Importance. Archaeological Survey of India. http://asi.nic.in/asi_monu_alphalist_delhi.asp. Retrieved 27 December 2006.  ^ "Jama Masjid, India's largest mosque". Terra Galleria. http://www.terragalleria.com/asia/india/delhi/picture.indi38660.html. Retrieved 13 March 2009.  ^ "Properties inscribed on the World Heritage List: India". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. http://whc.unesco.org/en/statesparties/in. Retrieved 13 January 2007.  ^ "Independence Day". 123independenceday.com. Compare Infobase Limited. http://123independenceday.com/indian/gift_of/freedom/. Retrieved 4 January 2007.  ^ Ray Choudhury, Ray Choudhury (28 January 2002). "R-Day parade, an anachronism?". The Hindu Business Line. http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/2002/01/28/stories/2002012800060800.htm. Retrieved 13 January 2007.  ^ a b "Fairs & Festivals of Delhi". Delhi Travel. India Tourism.org. Archived from the original on 19 March 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20070319223442/http://www.india-tourism.org/delhi-travel/delhi-fairs-festivals.html. Retrieved 13 January 2007.  ^ Delhi: a portrait, by Khushwant Singh, Raghu Rai, Published by Delhi Tourism Development Corp., 1983. ISBN 0-19-561437-2. Page 15. ^ Tankha, Madhur (15 December 2005). "It's Sufi and rock at Qutub Fest". New Delhi (Chennai, India: The Hindu). http://www.hindu.com/2005/12/15/stories/2005121503090200.htm. Retrieved 13 January 2007.  ^ "The Hindu : Front Page : Asia’s largest auto carnival begins in Delhi tomorrow". Chennai, India: Thehindu.com. 9 January 2008. http://www.hindu.com/2008/01/09/stories/2008010953071500.htm. Retrieved 3 November 2008.  ^ "Delhi Metro records 10% rise in commuters-Delhi-Cities-The Times of India". Timesofindia.indiatimes.com. 1 July 2008. http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/Cities/Delhi_Metro_commuters_up_10/articleshow/3185626.cms. Retrieved 3 November 2008.  ^ Sunil Sethi / New Delhi 9 February 2008. "Sunil Sethi: Why Delhi is India`s Book Capital". Business-standard.com. http://www.business-standard.com/india/storypage.php?autono=313090. Retrieved 3 November 2008.  ^ Delhi to lead way in street food Times of India ^ Discovering the spice route to Delhi India Today ^ a b Singh, Sariaa (16 December 2006). "Delhi: Old, new, sleek and rambunctious too". Travels with Lonely Planet: India (The Salt Lake Tribune). http://www.sltrib.com/travel/ci_4853701. Retrieved 19 January 2007. dead link ^ Jacob, Satish (July 2002). "Wither, the walled city". Seminar (web edition) (515). http://www.india-seminar.com/2002/515/515%20satish%20jacob.htm. Retrieved 19 January 2007.  ^ "Shopping in Delhi". Delhi Tours. About Palace on Wheels. http://www.aboutpalaceonwheels.com/palace-on-wheels-destinations/shopping-in-delhi.html. Retrieved 4 January 2007.  ^ Menon, Anjolie Ela (July 2002). "The Age That Was". Seminar (web edition) (515). http://www.india-seminar.com/2002/515/515%20anjolie%20ela%20menon.htm. Retrieved 29 January 2007.  ^ Malini Bhupta. "India Today – India's most widely read magazine". Indiatoday.digitaltoday.in. http://indiatoday.intoday.in/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&issueid=27&id=8684&sectionid=30&Itemid=1. Retrieved 3 November 2008. dead link ^ "Medical Meccas: An Oasis for India's Poorest | Newsweek Health for Life | Newsweek.com". Newsweek.com. http://www.newsweek.com/id/45114. Retrieved 3 November 2008.  ^ a b c d "Chapter 15: Education" (PDF). Economic Survey of Delhi, 2005–06. Planning Department, Government of National Capital Territory of Delhi. pp. 173–187. http://delhiplanning.nic.in/Economic%20Survey/ES%202005-06/Chpt/15.pdf. Retrieved 21 December 2006.  ^ "Asiaweek.com | Asia's Best Universities 2000 | Overall Ranking". Cgi.cnn.com. http://www-cgi.cnn.com/ASIANOW/asiaweek/features/universities2000/scitech/sci.overall.html. Retrieved 3 November 2008.  ^ "outlookindia.com | wired". Outlookindia.com. http://www.outlookindia.com/pti_news.asp?id=325739. Retrieved 3 November 2008.  ^ Rediff Business Desk (5 September 2006). "What is CAS? What is DTH?". rediff news: Business. Rediff.com. http://www.rediff.com///money/2006/sep/05iycu.htm. Retrieved 8 January 2007.  ^ Naqvi, Farah (14 November 2006). "Chapter4: Towards a Mass Media Campaign: Analysing the relationship between target audiences and mass media" (PDF). Images and icons: Harnessing the Power of Mass Media to Promote Gender Equality and Reduce Practices of Sex Selection. BBC World Service Trust. pp. 26–36. http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/trust/pdf/india_sex_selection/Chapter4.pdf. Retrieved 8 January 2007.  ^ "Delhi: Radio Stations in Delhi, India". ASIAWAVES: Radio and TV Broadcasting in South and South-East Asia. Alan G. Davies. 15 November 2006. http://www.asiawaves.net/india/delhi-radio.htm. Retrieved 7 January 2007.  ^ Camenzuli, Charles. "Cricket may be included in the 2010 Games". Interview. International Sports Press Association. http://www.aipsmedia.com/index.php?page=interview&cod=4. Retrieved 7 January 2007.  ^ Cricinfo staff. "A Brief History: The Ranji Trophy". Cricinfo. The Wisden Group. http://content.cricinfo.com/india/content/story/261615.html. Retrieved 6 January 2007.  ^ "India to bid for 2014 Asian Games". South Asia (BBC). 29 March 2005. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/4389563.stm. Retrieved 21 December 2006.  ^ "New Delhi loses bid". The Hindu (Chennai, India: The Hindu). 18 April 2007. http://www.hindu.com/2007/04/18/stories/2007041802062000.htm. Retrieved 18 April 2007.  ^ "Delhi To Bid For 2020 Summer Games". gamesbids.com. Menscerto Inc.. 28 April 2007. http://www.gamesbids.com/eng/index.php?news=1177787226. Retrieved 5 August 2007.  ^ India Won't Bid For 2020 Games ^ New Sports Minister ^ "Delhi to London, it’s a sister act". India Times. 7 July 2002. http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/15278423.cms. Retrieved 18 February 2009.  Further reading Economic Survey of Delhi 2005–2006. Planning Department. Government of National Capital Territory of Delhi. Retrieved on 12 February 2007 Horton, P (2002). Lonely Planet Delhi (3 ed.). Lonely Planet Publications. ISBN 1864502975  Rowe, P; Coster, P (2004). Delhi (Great Cities of the World). World Almanac Library. ISBN 0836851978  Delhi: Adventures in a Megacity by Sam Miller (writer and journalist) External links Find more about Delhi on Wikipedia's sister projects: Definitions from Wiktionary Images and media from Commons Learning resources from Wikiversity News stories from Wikinews Quotations from Wikiquote Source texts from Wikisource Textbooks from Wikibooks This article contains Indic text. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks or boxes, misplaced vowels or missing conjuncts instead of Indic text. Government Directory of Indian Government Websites, Delhidead link Government of National Capital Territory of Delhi Municipal Corporation of Delhi New Delhi Municipal Council Other Delhi Information Delhi travel guide from Wikitravel Delhi at the Open Directory Project Delhi News Haryana Uttar Pradesh    Delhi      Articles Related to Delhi v · d · eDelhi topics History Indraprastha · Hastinapur · Tomara · Rajput · Chauhan · Prithvirajaraso · Islamic invasions of India · Delhi Sultanate · Slave dynasty · Khilji dynasty · Tughluq dynasty · Sayyid dynasty · Lodhi dynasty · Sher Shah Suri · Mughal dynasty · British East India Company · Bahadur Shah Zafar · Indian rebellion of 1857 · British Raj · Viceroy of India · Indian independence movement · Partition of India · New Delhi Government and localities Government · Legislative Assembly · Neighborhoods · Districts · District Centres · New Delhi · Municipal Corporation · Development Authority  · New Delhi Municipal Council  · Cantonment Board · Connaught Place · Lajpat Nagar · Chanakyapuri · Shahdara · NOIDA · Ghaziabad · Chandni Chowk · Palam · Delhi Cantonment · Faridabad · Gurgaon · Chief Minister Buildings and landmarks Tourist attractions · Parliament of India · Rashtrapati Bhavan · Teen Murti Bhavan · Bahá'í House of Worship · Qutb Minar · Jama Masjid · Red Fort · India Gate · Vijay Chowk · Raj Ghat · Rajpath · Humayun's Tomb · Jantar Mantar · Purana Qila  · Safdarjung's Tomb · List of parks · Moth Ki Masjid · Chausath Khamba · Barakhamba · Sultan Ghari · Hauz Khas Complex · Siri Fort · Khirki Masjid · Yogmaya Temple · Nizamuddin Dargah · Hanuman Temple, Connaught Place · Chhatarpur Temple · Jahanpanah · Coronation Park · Salimgarh Fort · Metcalfe House · Hauz-i-Shamsi · Jahaz Mahal · Zafar Mahal · Jamali Kamali Mosque and Tomb · Hijron Ka Khanqah · Gates of Delhi · Ashokan Edicts (Delhi) Economy Stock Exchange Association Transport Air Indira Gandhi International Airport · Safdarjung Airport Rail New Delhi Railway Station · Delhi Junction · Hazrat Nizamuddin Railway Station  · Anand Vihar Railway Terminal  · Delhi Metro  · Delhi Monorail · Delhi Suburban Railway Road Delhi Transport Corporation · Inter State Bus Terminals · Delhi BRTS Culture and sports Independence Day · Republic Day · Punjabi cuisine · Dilli Haat · Ghantewala · Khari Baoli · Hinduism · Sikhism · Islam · Cinema · Shopping · Ferozshah Kotla · Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium · 1951 Asian Games · 1982 Asian Games · 2010 Commonwealth Games Education Kendriya Vidyalaya · Government Engineering College, Jaffarpur · Indian Statistical Institute · Delhi Public School Society · Shaheed Sukhdev College of Business Studies · University of Delhi · Indian Institute of Technology Delhi · Faculty of Management Science, University of Delhi · Jamia Millia Islamia · Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University · Indira Gandhi National Open University · All India Institute of Medical Sciences · Netaji Subhas Institute of Technology · Delhi School of Economics · Shri Ram College of Commerce · Lady Shri Ram College for Women · Delhi College of Engineering · St. Stephen's College Other topics Famous people from Delhi · Buildings and structures · List of cities in India Districts Central Delhi · East Delhi · New Delhi · North Delhi · North East Delhi · North West Delhi · South Delhi · South West Delhi · West Delhi Satellite cities Gurgaon · NOIDA · Faridabad · Ghaziabad v · d · eNeighborhoods of Delhi Ashok Nagar  · Ashok Vihar · Ashram Chowk · Ber Sarai · Bank Enclave · Chanakyapuri · Chandni Chowk · Chawri Bazaar · Chittaranjan Park · Civil Lines · Connaught Place · Daryaganj · Dayanand Colony · Defence Colony · Delhi Cantonment · Derawal Nagar · Dhaula Kuan · Dwarka Sub City · Faridabad · Gandhi Nagar · Geetanjali Enclave · Ghaziabad · Gole Market · Govindpuri · Greater Kailash · Green Park  · Gulmohar Park · Gurgaon · Hauz Khas · Inder puri · Indirapuram · Kalkaji · Kamla Nagar, New Delhi · Kapasheda · Karol Bagh · Kashmere Gate · Kirti Nagar · Kotla Mubarakpur · Lajpat Nagar · Lutyens' Delhi · Malviya Nagar · Mayur Vihar · Mehrauli · Model Town, Delhi · Munirka · Najafgarh · Nehru Place · New Friends Colony · Netaji Nagar · New Delhi · Nizamuddin East · Nizamuddin West · Noida  · Okhla · Paharganj · Palika Bazaar · Paschim Vihar · Patel Nagar · Pitam Pura · Prakash Vir Shastri Avenue · Preet Vihar · Punjabi Bagh · Raisina Hill · Rajouri Garden · Rajender Nagar · Ramakrishna Puram · Rohini Township · Sadar Bazaar · Saket · Sarita Vihar · Sarojini Nagar · Shahdara · Shahdara Maujpur Yamuna Vihar · Shahdara, Delhi · Shalimar Bagh · Shastri park · Shivaji Place · South Extension · Tilak Nagar · Urdu Bazar · Vasant Kunj · Vasant Vihar · Vasundhara Enclave · Vikaspuri · Yamuna Vihar · v · d · eLandmarks of Delhi Important religious sites Bahá'í Lotus Temple · Akshardham Temple · Jama Masjid · Sis Ganj Gurudwara · Gurudwara Bangla Sahib · Nizamuddin Dargah · Laxminarayan Temple Gardens, parks and natural attractions Buddha Jayanti Park · Lodhi Gardens · Delhi ridge Architectural sites Red Fort · Humayun's Tomb · Safdarjung's Tomb · Qutab Minar · Purana Qila · Tughlaqabad Fort · Jantar Mantar Notable buildings Rashtrapati Bhavan · India Gate · Sansad Bhavan Plazas Connaught Place v · d · eStates and territories of India States Andhra Pradesh · Arunachal Pradesh · Assam · Bihar · Chhattisgarh · Goa · Gujarat · Haryana · Himachal Pradesh · Jammu and Kashmir · Jharkhand · Karnataka · Kerala · Madhya Pradesh · Maharashtra · Manipur · Meghalaya · Mizoram · Nagaland · Orissa · Punjab · Rajasthan · Sikkim · Tamil Nadu · Tripura · Uttar Pradesh · Uttarakhand · West Bengal Union Territories Andaman and Nicobar Islands · Chandigarh · Dadra and Nagar Haveli · National Capital Territory of Delhi · Daman and Diu · Lakshadweep · Puducherry v · d · e State and Union Territory capitals of India Agartala · Aizawl · Bangalore · Bhopal · Bhubaneswar · Chandigarh · Chennai (Madras) · Daman · Dehradun · New Delhi · Dispur · Gandhinagar · Gangtok · Hyderabad · Imphal · Itanagar · Jaipur · Jammu (in winter) · Kavaratti · Kohima · Kolkata (Calcutta) · Lucknow · Mumbai (Bombay) · Panaji (Panjim) · Patna · Puducherry (Pondicherry) · Port Blair · Raipur · Ranchi · Shillong · Shimla · Silvassa · Srinagar (in summer)  · Thiruvananthapuram (Trivandrum) v · d · eMillion-plus cities in India Category A-1 Metro cities Mumbai · Delhi · Hyderabad · Kolkata · Chennai · Bangalore · Vijayawada · Ahmedabad Other Million-plus Cities of India Agra · Amritsar · Aurangabad ·  · Belgaum · Bhopal · Chandigarh · Coimbatore · Erode · Faridabad · Ghaziabad · Gorakhpur · Gulbarga · Gurgaon · Howrah · Hubli · Indore · Jabalpur · Jaipur · Jodhpur · Kalyan-Dombivali  · Kanpur · Lucknow · Ludhiana · Mangalore · Meerut · Mysore · Nagpur · Nashik · Navi Mumbai · Patna · Pimpri Chinchwad · Pune · Rajkot · Ranchi · Solapur · Srinagar · Surat · Thane · Thiruvananthapuram · Vadodara · Varanasi · Visakhapatnam v · d · eCommonwealth Games host cities 1930: Hamilton • 1934: London • 1938: Sydney • 1950: Auckland • 1954: Vancouver • 1958: Cardiff • 1962: Perth • 1966: Kingston • 1970: Edinburgh • 1974: Christchurch • 1978: Edmonton • 1982: Brisbane • 1986: Edinburgh • 1990: Auckland • 1994: Victoria • 1998: Kuala Lumpur • 2002: Manchester • 2006: Melbourne • 2010: Delhi • 2014: Glasgow • 2018: TBA v · d · eWorld's twenty most populous metropolitan areas     1 Tokyo-Yokohama 2 Seoul-Incheon 3 Mexico City 4 New York (Tri-State Region) 5 Mumbai  6 Jakarta  7 São Paulo  8 Delhi  9 Keihanshin 10 Shanghai 11 Manila 12 Hong Kong-Shenzhen 13 Los Angeles 14 Kolkata 15 Moscow 16 Cairo 17 Buenos Aires 18 London 19 Beijing 20 Karachi v · d · eWorld's fifty most-populous urban areas Tokyo –Yokohama Jakarta Mumbai Delhi Manila New York São Paulo Seoul –Incheon Mexico City Shanghai Cairo Osaka –Kobe –Kyoto Kolkata Los Angeles Shenzhen Beijing Moscow Guangzhou Istanbul Karachi Buenos Aires Rio de Janeiro Dongguan Paris Dhaka Nagoya Lagos Chicago London Kinshasa Bangkok Tehran Lima Bogotá Ho Chi Minh City Chennai Johannesburg –East Rand Ruhr Area  (Essen–Düsseldorf) Bangalore Lahore Hong Kong Hyderabad Tianjin Taipei Toronto –Hamilton Baghdad Kuala Lumpur Santiago Dallas –Fort Worth San Francisco –San Jose