Coordinates: 50°14′23″N 4°50′48″W / 50.2396°N 4.8467°W / 50.2396; -4.8467 Caerhays Castle The castle Caerhays Castle  Caerhays Castle shown within Cornwall OS grid reference SW9710541613 List of places: UK • England • Cornwall Caerhays Castle (translation of caerhays into English: "enclosed castle") (alternate: Carhayes Castle) is a semi-castellated manor house1 located 0.5 mi (0.80 km) south of St Michael Caerhays, a village in Cornwall, England. It is situated overlooking Porthluney Cove on the English Channel. The castle garden hosts the largest collection of magnolias in England and contains one of four National Magnolia Collections under the auspices of the National Council for the Conservation of Plants and Gardens. Contents 1 History 2 Construction 3 Historical preservation 4 Garden 5 References 6 External links History The main gatehouse

In the Early Middle Ages, the manor belonged to the Arundell family. Around 1379, it passed by marriage to the Trevanion family after the marriage of Robert Trevanion to Johanna, daughter and heiress of Rudolph Arundell of Caerhays.2 John Trevanion inherited the estate in 1703 after which he improved the manor house existing on the site and developed gardens.3 With the death of William Trevanion in 1767, the male line of the Trevanion family became extinct, and the estate passed to his sister's son, John Bettesworth.4 In 1801, when Bettesworth's 21 year old son inherited Caerhays, he adopted the additional name of Trevanion, becoming known as John Bettesworth-Trevanion. John Bettesworth-Trevanion built the present castle on a site close to the former manor house; his architect was the Anglo-Welsh John Nash.5 Bettesworth-Trevanion became a Member of Parliament for Penryn in 1807, the same year that construction began. It was completed in 1810. The castle was built close to the site of the original ancient home that had itself undergone expansion during the reign of King Henry VIII.1

After Bettesworth-Trevanion left for Paris, unable to pay his bills, Michael Williams II purchased Caerhays from creditors in 1854. As the house had been unoccupied for over a decade and had not been watertight for some of that time, Williams, with his son John, initiated an extensive repair program. John Williams died in 1880 and his son, John Charles Williams, then age 18, inherited the estate. He married in 1884, at which time the house again went through restoration and alteration. He became a plantsman, sponsoring plant hunting expeditions in order to fill the castle garden with new acquisitions. Seeds brought back from China by Ernest Henry Wilson in 1903 were donated to J.C. Williams by Harry Veitch.6 Since 1854, the estate has been owned by the Williams family of Caerhays and Burncoose; the current owner is Charles Williams. Construction Caerhayes Castle The exterior, bearing the appearance of a Norman stronghold, was built of rough stone quarried from the immediate neighbourhood. The front entrance, 160 ft (49 m) in length, has a southern exposure and is elevated on an embattled terrace. The principal rooms are located towards the south and east, joined by a large gallery room. Painted glass adorns the windows of the dining room, staircase, and entrance hall.1

Parts of the original manor remain, including the ancient chapel as well as an old walkway to the sea which retains the name of the Watchhouse Walk.1 Historical preservation The castle became a Grade I listed building on 15 November 1988.7 Other Grade I listed buildings associated with the castle include the garden wall with gateways and folly tower that is attached to the west and east of the castle,8 the Higher Lodge,9 the Lower Lodge with attached screen walls,10 and also the service buildings attached to the southwest of the castle.11 Garden The sweeping lawns to the castle The castle garden covers almost 120 acres (0.49 km2), traversed by four named routes (Red Route, Blue Route, Yellow Route, and the Green Route),12 and navigated by trails, grassy paths, and steps. The garden is home to 600 varieties of plants, including trees and shrubs, such as azaleas and camellias. By 1917, it had over 250 types of rhododendron.13 The garden hosts the largest collection of magnolias in England.14 References ^ a b c d Neale, John Preston (1829). Jones' Views of the Seats, Mansions, Castles, Etc. of Noblemen & Gentlemen in England, Wales, Scotland & Ireland: And Other Picturesque Scenery Accompanied with Historical Descriptions of the Mansions, Lists of Pictures, Statues, &c. and Genealogical Sketches of the Families and Their Possessors : Forming Part of the General Series of Jones' Great Britain. 2 (Digitized Feb 27, 2007 ed.). Jones & Co. pp. o 4. http://books.google.com/books?id=fCgsAAAAMAAJ&pg=PP16&dq=caerhays&hl=en&ei=W-d1TPOzIJH6swPI_vygDQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CCoQ6AEwATgK#v=onepage&q=caerhays&f=false.  ^ Burke, John (1836). A genealogical and heraldic histoy of the commoners of Great Britain and Ireland enjoying territorial possessions or high official rank: but uninvested with heritable honours (Digitized Jul 30, 2009 ed.). Colburn. p. 254. http://books.google.com/books?id=U_CvyAF3ko4C&pg=PA254&lpg=PA254&dq=Arundell+Caerhays&source=bl&ots=3uovdSSWxd&sig=rZgfKW8bMn6p1a5TqQxAvOoVDtc&hl=en&ei=r1h3TJOKJIbCnAfymb2dCw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4&ved=0CBsQ6AEwAw#v=onepage&q=Arundell%20Caerhays&f=false25.  ^ Polsue, Joseph (1867) A Complete Parochial History of the County of Cornwall. 4 vols. Truro: William Lake, 1867-72 ^ "Historic Development". Parks & Gardens UK. 14 August 2009. http://www.parksandgardens.ac.uk/index2.php?option=com_parksandgardens&task=site&id=647&preview=1&Itemid=. Retrieved 27 August 2010.  ^ Pevsner, N. (1970) Cornwall; 2nd ed. Penguin; p. 192 ^ "Caerhays Estate – History of The Garden". www.caerhays.co.uk. http://www.caerhays.co.uk/page.cfm?page=the_gardens. Retrieved 11 October 2008.  ^ "Caerhays Castle, St Michael Caerhays". britishlistedbuildings.co.uk. British Listed Buildings. http://www.britishlistedbuildings.co.uk/en-71629-caerhays-castle-st-michael-caerhays. Retrieved 27 August 2010.  ^ "Garden Wall with Gateways and Folly Tower Attached to West and East of Caerhays Castle, St Michael Caerhays". britishlistedbuildings.co.uk. British Listed Buildings. http://www.britishlistedbuildings.co.uk/en-71631-garden-wall-with-gateways-and-folly-tower. Retrieved 27 August 2010.  ^ "Higher Lodge, St Michael Caerhays". britishlistedbuildings.co.uk. British Listed Buildings. http://www.britishlistedbuildings.co.uk/en-71636-higher-lodge-st-michael-caerhays. Retrieved 27 August 2010.  ^ "Lower Lodge with Attached Screen Walls, St Michael Caerhays". britishlistedbuildings.co.uk. British Listed Buildings. http://www.britishlistedbuildings.co.uk/en-71634-lower-lodge-with-attached-screen-walls-st. Retrieved 27 August 2010.  ^ "Service Buildings Attached to South West of Caerhays Castle, St Michael Caerhays". britishlistedbuildings.co.uk. British Listed Buildings. http://www.britishlistedbuildings.co.uk/en-71630-service-buildings-attached-to-south-west-. Retrieved 27 August 2010.  ^ "Walking Around The Garden". Gardens in Cornwall. http://www.gardensincornwall.co.uk/modules.php?op=modload&name=News&file=article&sid=9. Retrieved 27 August 2010.  ^ Brittain, Julia (2006). The Plant Lover's Companion: Plants, People & Places. David & Charles. p. 46. ISBN 1558707913. http://books.google.com/books?id=6idvRAeex8IC&pg=PA46&dq=caerhays&hl=en&ei=FOV1TJ3kF5T6sAO1yeigDQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CCsQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=caerhays&f=false.  ^ Cox, Martyn (10 March 2009). "Blooms with a view: The magnolias at Caerhays Castle - some reaching 120ft - will take your breath away". Daily Mail. http://www.dailymail.co.uk/home/gardening/article-1160856/Blooms-view-The-magnolias-Caerhays-Castle-breath-away.html. 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