Brazilian Academy of Letters

Academia Brasileira de Letras - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia a:lang(ar),a:lang(ckb),a:lang(fa),a:lang(kk-arab),a:lang(mzn),a:lang(ps),a:lang(ur){text-decoration:none}a.new,#quickbar a.new{color:#ba0000} /* cache key: enwiki:resourceloader:filter:minify-css:4:c88e2bcd56513749bec09a7e29cb3ffa */ if ( window.mediaWiki ) { mw.config.set({"wgCanonicalNamespace": "", "wgCanonicalSpecialPageName": false, "wgNamespaceNumber": 0, "wgPageName": "Academia_Brasileira_de_Letras", "wgTitle": "Academia Brasileira de Letras", "wgCurRevisionId": 452692017, "wgArticleId": 1344277, "wgIsArticle": true, "wgAction": "view", "wgUserName": null, "wgUserGroups": ["*"], "wgCategories": ["Articles with Portuguese language external links", "Brazilian literature", "National academies", "Non-profit organisations based in Brazil", "Organizations established in 1896", "1896 establishments in Brazil", "Organisations based in Rio de Janeiro"], "wgBreakFrames": false, "wgRestrictionEdit": [], "wgRestrictionMove": [], "wgSearchNamespaces": [0], "wgFlaggedRevsParams": {"tags": {"status": {"levels": 1, "quality": 2, "pristine": 3}}}, "wgStableRevisionId": null, "wgVectorEnabledModules": {"collapsiblenav": true, "collapsibletabs": true, "editwarning": true, "expandablesearch": false, "footercleanup": false, "sectioneditlinks": false, "simplesearch": true, "experiments": true}, "wgWikiEditorEnabledModules": {"toolbar": true, "dialogs": true, "hidesig": true, "templateEditor": false, "templates": false, "preview": false, "previewDialog": false, "publish": false, "toc": false}, "wgTrackingToken": "773ea580b6e650c7eebbbf9a4902c3ba", "wikilove-recipient": "", "wikilove-edittoken": "+\\", "wikilove-anon": 0, "mbEditToken": "+\\", "Geo": {"city": "", "country": ""}, "wgNoticeProject": "wikipedia"}); } if ( window.mediaWiki ) { mw.loader.load(["mediawiki.page.startup"]); } Academia Brasileira de Letras From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia   (Redirected from Brazilian Academy of Letters) Jump to: navigation, search Coordinates: 22°54′39″S 43°10′23″W / 22.91083°S 43.17302°W / -22.91083; -43.17302 Academia Brasileira de Letras in Rio de Janeiro. Academia Brasileira de Letras (Portuguese pronunciation: [akadeˈmiɐ bɾaziˈlejɾɐ dʒi ˈletɾɐs] ( listen) English: Brazilian Academy of Letters) is a Brazilian literary non-profit society established at the end of the 19th century by a group of 40 writers and poets inspired by the Académie Française. The first president, Machado de Assis, declared its foundation on December 15, 1896, with the statutes being passed on January 28, 1897. On July 20 of the same year the Academy entred into operation. The Brazilian Academy of Letters is, according to its statutes, charged with the care of the "national language" of Brazil (the Portuguese language) and with the promotion of Brazilian literary arts. The Academy is considered the foremost institution devoted to the Portuguese language in Brazil. Although it is not a State institution and no law grants to it oversight over the language, by its prestige and technical qualification it is the paramount authority on Brazilian Portuguese. The Academy's main publication in this field is the Ortographic Vocabulary of the Portuguese Language (Vocabulário Ortográfico da Língua Portuguesa) of which there were five editions. The Vocabulary is prepared by the Academy's Commission on Lexicology and Lexicography. The Academy is comprised to this day of 40 members, known as "immortals", chosen from among the citizens of Brazil who have published recognized works or books of literary value. The position of "immortal" is awarded for the recipient's lifetime. New members are admitted by a vote of the Academy members when one of the "chairs" become vacant. The chairs are numbered and each has a Patron: the Patrons are 40 great Brazilian writers that were already dead when the Academy was founded; the names of the Patrons were chosen by the Founders and they were honored post mortem by each being assigned patronage over a chair. Thus, each of the 40 chairs is associated with its current holder, with the predecessors of the current holder who occupied it before him, and, in particular, with the Founder who occupied it first, but also with the seat's Patron. The academicians use formal gala gilded uniforms with a sword (the uniform is called "fardão") when participating in official meetings of the Academy. During periods of dictatorship and military régime, the Academy's neutrality in choosing proper members dedicated to the literary profession was compromised when it elected politicians with few or no contributions to literature, such as ex-president Getúlio Vargas. The Academy, which was a purely male affair until the groundbreaking election of novelist Rachel de Queiroz in 1977 for chair No. 5, now has four women members (10% of its total membership), one of which, Nélida Piñon, served as president in 1996-7. The Academy, thanks to good revenues in excess of $4 million a year, is well off financially. It owns a skyscraper with 28 floors (Palácio Austregésilo de Athaide), in a valued area in the center of Rio, which the Academy rents for office space, generating 70% of its current revenue. The rest comes from rental of other buildings, which were legated by book editor Francisco Alves, in 1917, and from financial investments. This comfortable situation allows for paying a "jeton" to each academician. The ABL is located just by its side, in a beautiful neoclassical building, which is named "Petit Trianon". It was donated by the government of France in 1923 and is so named because it is a copy of the Petit Trianon palace in Versailles, near Paris, France. It has recently inaugurated one of the largest public libraries in Rio, with 90,000 volumes and a huge multimedia center. The Academy annually awards several literary prizes: the Prêmio Machado de Assis (the most important literature prize in the country, awarded for lifework), and the ABL prizes for poetry, for fiction and drama, for essays, critic and history of the literature, and for children's literature. In 2005 the Afonso Arino de Mello Franco Prize was also established. Contents 1 Original patrons 1.1 Correspondents 2 Presidents of ABL 3 Current members 4 Gallery of the Immortals 5 External links Original patrons Adelino Fontoura Álvares de Azevedo Artur de Oliveira Basílio da Gama Bernardo Guimarães Casimiro de Abreu Castro Alves Cláudio Manuel da Costa Gonçalves de Magalhães Evaristo da Veiga Fagundes Varela França Júnior Francisco Otaviano Franklin Távora Gonçalves Dias Gregório de Mattos Hipólito da Costa João Francisco Lisboa Joaquim Caetano da Silva Joaquim Manuel de Macedo Joaquim Serra José Bonifácio the Young José de Alencar Júlio Ribeiro Junqueira Freire Laurindo Rabelo Antônio Peregrino Maciel Monteiro Manuel Antônio de Almeida Martins Pena Pardal Mallet Pedro Luís Pereira de Sousa Manuel de Araújo Porto-alegre Raul Pompeia Sousa Caldas Tavares Bastos Teófilo Dias Tomás Antônio Gonzaga Tobias Barreto Francisco Adolfo de Varnhagen José Maria da Silva Paranhos Correspondents Alexandre de Gusmão António José da Silva Manuel Botelho de Oliveira Eusébio de Mattos Francisco de Sousa Matias Aires Nuno Marques Pereira Sebastião da Rocha Pita Santa Rita Durão Vicente do Salvador Alexandre Rodrigues Ferreira Antônio de Morais Silva Domingos Borges de Barros Francisco do Monte Alverne Joaquim Gonçalves Ledo José Bonifácio de Andrada e Silva Odorico Mendes Manuel Inácio da Silva Alvarenga Sotero dos Reis José da Silva Lisboa Presidents of ABL Joaquim Maria Machado de Assis 1897-1908 Ruy Barbosa 1908-1919 Domício da Gama 1919-1919 Carlos de Laet 1919-1922 Afrânio Peixoto 1922-1923 Medeiros e Albuquerque 1923-1923 Afrânio Peixoto 1923-1924 Afonso Celso 1925-1925 Coelho Neto 1926-1926 Rodrigo Otávio 1927-1927 Augusto de Lima 1928-1928 Fernando Magalhães 1929-1929 Aloisio de Castro 1930-1930 Fernando Magalhães 1931-1932 Gustavo Barroso 1932-1933 Ramiz Galvão 1933-1934 Afonso Celso 1935-1935 Laudelino Freire 1936-1936 Ataulfo de Paiva 1937-1937 Cláudio de Souza 1938-1938 Antônio Austregésilo 1939-1939 Celso Vieira 1940-1940 Levi Carneiro 1941-1941 Macedo Sorares 1942-1943 Múcio Leão 1944-1944 Pedro Calmon 1945-1945 Cláudio de Sousa 1946-1946 João Neves da Fontoura 1947-1947 Adelmar Tavares 1948-1948 Miguel Osório de Almeida 1949-1949 Gustavo Barroso 1950-1950 Aloisio de Castro 1951-1951 Aníbal Freire da Fonseca 1952-1952 Barbosa Lima Sobrinho 1953-1954 Rodrigo Otávio Filho 1955-1955 Peregrino Júnior 1956-1957 Elmano Cardim 1958-1958 Austregésilo de Athayde 1959-1993 Abgar Renault 1993-1993 Josué Montello 1993-1995 Antônio Houaiss 1995-1996 Nélida Piñon 1996-1997 Arnaldo Niskier 1997-1999 Tarcísio Padilha 2000-2002 Alberto da Costa e Silva 2002-2004 Ivan Junqueira 2004-2005 Marcos Vinícios Rodrigues Vilaça 2006-2007 Cícero Sandroni 2008 Current members The members of the Brazilian Academy of Letters (June 2008): Ana Maria Machado Tarcísio Padilha Carlos Heitor Cony Carlos Nejar José Murilo de Carvalho Cícero Sandroni Nelson Pereira dos Santos Cleonice Berardinelli Alberto da Costa e Silva Lêdo Ivo Hélio Jaguaribe Alfredo Bosi Sergio Paulo Rouanet Celso Lafer Fernando Bastos de Ávila Lygia Fagundes Telles Affonso Arinos de M. Franco Arnaldo Niskier Antonio Carlos Secchin Murilo Melo Filho Paulo Coelho Ivo Pitanguy Luiz Paulo Horta Sábato Magaldi Alberto Venancio Filho Marcos Vinicios Rodrigues Vilaça Eduardo Portella Domício Proença Filho Geraldo Holanda Cavalcanti Nélida Piñon Moacyr Scliar Ariano Suassuna Evanildo Bechara João Ubaldo Ribeiro Candido Antonio Mendes de Almeida João de Scantimburgo Ivan Junqueira José Sarney Marco Maciel Evaristo de Moraes Filho Gallery of the Immortals Machado de Assis Jorge Amado José Guilherme Merquior Tobias Barreto External links Academia Brasileira de Letras (Portuguese)