Arnold Schwarzenegger

Arnold Schwarzenegger Schwarzenegger in June 2010. 38th Governor of California In office November 17, 2003 – January 3, 2011 Lieutenant Cruz Bustamante (2003-07) John Garamendi (2007-09) Mona Pasquil (2009-10) acting Abel Maldonado (2010-11) Preceded by Gray Davis Succeeded by Jerry Brown Born July 30, 1947 (1947-07-30) (age 63) Thal, Austria Political party Republican Spouse(s) Maria Shriver (1986–present) Relations Sargent Shriver (father-in-law, deceased) Eunice Kennedy Shriver (mother-in-law, deceased) Children Katherine (b. 1989) Christina (b. 1991) Patrick (b. 1993) Christopher (b. 1997) Residence Brentwood Alma mater Santa Monica College University of Wisconsin, Superior Profession Bodybuilder, Actor Religion Roman Catholicism Signature Website Personal website Military service Service/branch Austrian Armed Forces Years of service 1965 Arnold Alois Schwarzenegger (English pronunciation: /ˈʃwɔrtsənɛɡər/, German: [ˈaɐnɔlt ˈalɔʏs ˈʃvaɐtsənˌʔɛɡɐ]; born July 30, 1947) is an Austrian-American bodybuilder, actor, model, businessman and politician who served as the 38th Governor of California. Schwarzenegger began weight training at 15. He was awarded the title of Mr. Universe at age 20 and went on to win the Mr. Olympia contest a total of seven times. Schwarzenegger has remained a prominent presence in the sport of bodybuilding and has written several books and numerous articles on the sport. Schwarzenegger gained worldwide fame as a Hollywood action film icon, noted for his lead roles in such films as Conan the Barbarian, The Terminator and Commando. He was nicknamed the "Austrian Oak" and the "Styrian Oak" in his bodybuilding days, "Arnie" during his acting career and more recently the "Governator" (a portmanteau of "Governor" and "Terminator").1 As a Republican, he was first elected on October 7, 2003, in a special recall election (referred to in Schwarzenegger campaign propaganda as a "Total Recall") to replace then-Governor Gray Davis. Schwarzenegger was sworn in on November 17, 2003, to serve the remainder of Davis's term. Schwarzenegger was then re-elected on November 7, 2006, in California's 2006 gubernatorial election, to serve a full term as governor, defeating Democrat Phil Angelides, who was California State Treasurer at the time. Schwarzenegger was sworn in for his second term on January 5, 2007.2 Democrat Jerry Brown was elected to succeed him in 2010 and assumed the post in January 2011. Contents 1 Early life 1.1 Early adulthood 1.2 Move to the U.S. 2 Bodybuilding career 2.1 Strongman 2.2 Mr. Olympia 2.3 Steroid use 3 Acting career 4 Political career 4.1 Early politics 4.2 Governor of California 4.2.1 Amendment of Three Strikes Law 4.3 Electoral history 4.4 Environmental record 5 Business career 5.1 Planet Hollywood 5.2 Net worth 6 Allegations of sexual and personal misconduct 7 Personal life 7.1 Accidents and injuries 8 References 9 Bibliography 9.1 Interviews 9.2 Film 10 External links // Early life Schwarzenegger was born in Thal, Austria, a small village bordering the Styrian capital Graz, and was christened Arnold Alois Schwarzenegger.3 His parents were the local police chief Gustav Schwarzenegger (1907–1972) and Aurelia Jadrny (1922–1998). His father served in World War II with the German Army as a Hauptfeldwebel of the Feldgendarmerie and was discharged in 1943 after contracting malaria. They were married on October 20, 1945 – Gustav was 38, and Aurelia was a 23-year-old widow with a son named Meinhard. According to Schwarzenegger, both of his parents were very strict: "Back then in Austria it was a very different world, if we did something bad or we disobeyed our parents, the rod was not spared."4 He grew up in a Roman Catholic family who attended church service every Sunday.56 Gustav had a preference for his stepson Meinhard, over his son, Arnold.7 His favoritism was "strong and blatant," which stemmed from unfounded suspicion that Arnold was not his child.8 Schwarzenegger has said his father had "no patience for listening or understanding your problems... there was a wall; a real wall."5 Schwarzenegger had a good relationship with his mother and kept in touch with her until her death.9 In later life, Schwarzenegger commissioned the Simon Wiesenthal Center to research his father's wartime record, which came up with no evidence of atrocities despite Gustav's membership in the Nazi Party and SA.7 At school, Schwarzenegger was apparently in the middle but stood out for his "cheerful, good-humored and exuberant" character.5 Money was a problem in their household; Schwarzenegger recalled that one of the highlights of his youth was when the family bought a refrigerator.8 As a boy, Schwarzenegger played many sports, heavily influenced by his father.5 He picked up his first barbell in 1960, when his football coach took his team to a local gym.3 At the age of 14, he chose bodybuilding over football (soccer) as a career.1011 Schwarzenegger has responded to a question asking if he was 13 when he started weightlifting: "I actually started weight training when I was 15, but I'd been participating in sports, like soccer, for years, so I felt that although I was slim, I was well-developed, at least enough so that I could start going to the gym and start Olympic lifting."4 However, his official website biography claims: "At 14, he started an intensive training program with Dan Farmer, studied psychology at 15 (to learn more about the power of mind over body) and at 17, officially started his competitive career."12 During a speech in 2001, he said, "My own plan formed when I was 14 years old. My father had wanted me to be a police officer like he was. My mother wanted me to go to trade school."13 Schwarzenegger took to visiting a gym in Graz, where he also frequented the local movie theaters to see bodybuilding idols such as Reg Park, Steve Reeves and Johnny Weissmuller on the big screen. "I was inspired by individuals like Reg Park and Steve Reeves."4 When Reeves died in 2000, Schwarzenegger fondly remembered him: "As a teenager, I grew up with Steve Reeves. His remarkable accomplishments allowed me a sense of what was possible, when others around me didn't always understand my dreams ... Steve Reeves has been part of everything I've ever been fortunate enough to achieve."14 In 1961, Schwarzenegger met former Mr. Austria Kurt Marnul, who invited him to train at the gym in Graz.3 He was so dedicated as a youngster that he broke into the local gym on weekends, when it was usually closed, so that he could train. "It would make me sick to miss a workout ... I knew I couldn't look at myself in the mirror the next morning if I didn't do it."4 When Schwarzenegger was asked about his first movie experience as a boy, he replied, "I was very young, but I remember my father taking me to the Austrian theaters and seeing some newsreels. The first real movie I saw, that I distinctly remember, was a John Wayne movie."4 In 1971, his brother Meinhard died in a car accident.3 Meinhard had been drinking and was killed instantly and Schwarzenegger did not attend his funeral.8 Meinhard was due to marry Erika Knapp, and the couple had a three-year-old son, Patrick. Schwarzenegger would pay for Patrick's education and help him to immigrate to the United States.8 Gustav died the following year from a stroke.3 In Pumping Iron, Schwarzenegger claimed that he did not attend his father's funeral because he was training for a bodybuilding contest. Later, he and the film's producer said this story was taken from another bodybuilder for the purpose of showing the extremes that some would go to for their sport and to make Schwarzenegger's image more cold and machine-like in order to fan controversy for the film.15 Barbara Baker, his first serious girlfriend, has said he informed her of his father's death without emotion and that he never spoke of his brother.16 Over time, he has given at least three versions of why he was absent from his father's funeral.8 In an interview with Fortune magazine in 2004, Schwarzenegger told how he suffered what "would now be called child abuse" from his father:1718 My hair was pulled. I was hit with belts. So was the kid next door. It was just the way it was. Many of the children I've seen were broken by their parents, which was the German-Austrian mentality. They didn't want to create an individual. It was all about conforming. I was one who did not conform, and whose will could not be broken. Therefore, I became a rebel. Every time I got hit, and every time someone said, 'you can't do this,' I said, 'this is not going to be for much longer, because I'm going to move out of here. I want to be rich. I want to be somebody.' Early adulthood Schwarzenegger served in the Austrian army in 1965 to fulfill the one year of service required at the time of all 18-year-old Austrian males.312 He won the Junior Mr. Europe contest in 1965.11 Schwarzenegger went AWOL during basic training so he could take part in the competition and spent a week in an army jail: "Participating in the competition meant so much to me that I didn't carefully think through the consequences." He won another bodybuilding contest in Graz, at Steirer Hof Hotel (where he had placed second). He was voted best built man of Europe, which made him famous. "The Mr. Universe title was my ticket to America – the land of opportunity, where I could become a star and get rich."13 Schwarzenegger made his first plane trip in 1966, attending the NABBA Mr. Universe competition in London.12 He would come in second in the Mr. Universe competition, not having the muscle definition of American winner Chester Yorton.12 Charles "Wag" Bennett, one of the judges at the 1966 competition, was impressed with Schwarzenegger and offered to coach him. As Schwarzenegger had little money, Bennett invited him to stay in his crowded family home above one of his two gyms in Forest Gate, London, England. Yorton's leg definition had been judged superior, and Schwarzenegger, under a training program devised by Bennett, concentrated on improving the muscle definition and power in his legs. Staying in the East End of London helped Schwarzenegger improve his rudimentary grasp of the English language.1920 Also in 1966, Schwarzenegger had the opportunity to meet childhood idol Reg Park, who became his friend and mentor.21 The training paid off and, in 1967, Schwarzenegger won the title for the first time, becoming the youngest ever Mr. Universe at the age of 20.12 He would go on to win the title a further three times.11 Schwarzenegger then flew back to Munich, training for four to six hours daily, attending business school and working in a health club (Rolf Putzinger's gym where he worked and trained from 1966–1968), returning in 1968 to London to win his next Mr. Universe title.12 He frequently told Roger C. Field, a friend in Munich at that time, "I'm going to become the greatest actor!" Move to the U.S. Schwarzenegger with President Ronald Reagan in 1984. Schwarzenegger, who dreamed of moving to the U.S. since the age of 10, and saw bodybuilding as the avenue through which to do so,22 realized his dream by moving to the United States in September 1968 at the age of 21, speaking little English.311 "Naturally, when I came to this country, my accent was very bad, and my accent was also very strong, which was an obstacle as I began to pursue acting."4 There he trained at Gold's Gym in Santa Monica, California, under Joe Weider. From 1970 to 1974, one of Schwarzenegger's weight training partners was Ric Drasin, a professional wrestler who designed the original Gold's Gym logo in 1973.23 Schwarzenegger also became good friends with professional wrestler "Superstar" Billy Graham. In 1970, at age 23, he captured his first Mr. Olympia title in New York, and would go on to win the title a total of seven times.12 Immigration law firm Siskind & Susser have stated that Schwarzenegger may have been an illegal immigrant at some point in the late 1960s or early 1970s because of violations in the terms of his visa.24 LA Weekly would later say in 2002 that Schwarzenegger is the most famous immigrant in America, who "overcame a thick Austrian accent and transcended the unlikely background of bodybuilding to become the biggest movie star in the world in the 1990s".22 In 1969, Schwarzenegger met Barbara Outland Baker, an English teacher he lived with until 1974.25 Schwarzenegger talked about Barbara in his memoir in 1977: "Basically it came down to this: she was a well-balanced woman who wanted an ordinary, solid life, and I was not a well-balanced man, and hated the very idea of ordinary life."25 Baker has described Schwarzenegger as "[a] joyful personality, totally charismatic, adventurous, and athletic" but claims towards the end of the relationship he became "insufferable – classically conceited – the world revolved around him".26 Baker published her memoir in 2006, entitled Arnold and Me: In the Shadow of the Austrian Oak.27 Although Baker, at times, painted an unflattering portrait of her former lover, Schwarzenegger actually contributed to the tell-all book with a foreword, and also met with Baker for three hours.27 Baker claims, for example, that she only learned of his being unfaithful after they split, and talks of a turbulent and passionate love life.27 Schwarzenegger has made it clear that their respective recollection of events can differ.27 The couple first met six to eight months after his arrival in the U.S. – their first date was watching the first Apollo Moon landing on television.16 They shared an apartment in Santa Monica for three and a half years, and having little money, would visit the beach all day, or have barbecues in the back yard.16 Although Baker claims that when she first met him, he had "little understanding of polite society" and she found him a turn-off, she says, "He's as much a self-made man as it's possible to be –he never got encouragement from his parents, his family, his brother. He just had this huge determination to prove himself, and that was very attractive ... I'll go to my grave knowing Arnold loved me."16 Schwarzenegger met his next love, Sue Moray, a Beverly Hills hairdresser's assistant, on Venice Beach in July 1977. According to Moray, the couple led an open relationship: "We were faithful when we were both in LA ... but when he was out of town, we were free to do whatever we wanted."8 Schwarzenegger met Maria Shriver at the Robert F. Kennedy Tennis Tournament in August 1977, and went on to have a relationship with both women until August 1978, when Moray (who knew of his relationship with Shriver) issued an ultimatum.8 In 1977, Schwarzenegger's autobiography/weight-training guide Arnold: The Education of a Bodybuilder was published and became a huge success.3 After taking English classes at Santa Monica College in California, he earned a B.A. by correspondence from the University of Wisconsin–Superior, where he graduated Business and International Economics, in 1979.3 Bodybuilding career Arnold Schwarzenegger Personal Info Nickname The Austrian Oak Birth July 30, 1947 (1947-07-30) (age 63) Thal, Styria, Austria Height 6 ft 2 in (1.88 m)12 Weight 250 pounds (113 kg) Professional Career Pro-debut NABBA Mr. Universe, 1968 Best win IFBB Mr. Olympia, 1970–1975, 1980, Seven Times Predecessor Sergio Oliva ('69), Frank Zane ('79) Successor Franco Columbu ('76, '81) Active Retired 1980 See also: Bodybuilding competitions featuring Arnold Schwarzenegger Schwarzenegger is considered among the most important figures in the history of bodybuilding, and his legacy is commemorated in the Arnold Classic annual bodybuilding competition. Schwarzenegger has remained a prominent face in the bodybuilding sport long after his retirement, in part because of his ownership of gyms and fitness magazines. He has presided over numerous contests and awards shows. For many years, he wrote a monthly column for the bodybuilding magazines Muscle & Fitness and Flex. Shortly after being elected Governor, he was appointed executive editor of both magazines, in a largely symbolic capacity. The magazines agreed to donate $250,000 a year to the Governor's various physical fitness initiatives. The magazine MuscleMag International has a monthly two-page article on him, and refers to him as "The King". One of the first competitions he won was the Junior Mr. Europe contest in 1965.3 He won Mr. Europe the following year, at age 19.312 He would go on to compete in and win many bodybuilding contests, as well as some weightlifting contests, including five Mr. Universe (4 – NABBA [England], 1 – IFBB [USA]) wins, and seven Mr. Olympia wins, a record which would stand until Lee Haney won his eighth consecutive Mr. Olympia title in 1991. Competition Weight: 240 lbs (top 250 lbs) Off Season Weight: 260 lbs Strongman In 1967, Schwarzenegger competed in and won the Munich stone-lifting contest, in which a stone weighing 508 German pounds (254 kg/560 lbs.) is lifted between the legs while standing on two foot rests. Mr. Olympia Schwarzenegger's goal was to become the greatest bodybuilder in the world, which meant becoming Mr. Olympia.312 His first attempt was in 1969, when he lost to three-time champion Sergio Oliva. However, Schwarzenegger came back in 1970 and won the competition, making him the youngest ever Mr. Olympia at the age of 23, a record he holds to this day.12 He continued his winning streak in the 1971–1974 competitions.12 In 1975, Schwarzenegger was once again in top form, and won the title for the sixth consecutive time,12 beating Franco Columbu. After the 1975 Mr. Olympia contest, Schwarzenegger announced his retirement from professional bodybuilding.12 Months before the 1975 Mr. Olympia contest, filmmakers George Butler and Robert Fiore persuaded Schwarzenegger to compete, in order to film his training in the bodybuilding documentary called Pumping Iron. Schwarzenegger had only three months to prepare for the competition, after losing significant weight to appear in the film Stay Hungry with Jeff Bridges. Lou Ferrigno proved not to be a threat, and a lighter-than-usual Schwarzenegger convincingly won the 1975 Mr. Olympia. Schwarzenegger came out of retirement, however, to compete in the 1980 Mr. Olympia.3 Schwarzenegger was training for his role in Conan, and he got into such good shape because of the running, horseback riding and sword training, that he decided he wanted to win the Mr. Olympia contest one last time. He kept this plan a secret, in the event that a training accident would prevent his entry and cause him to lose face. Schwarzenegger had been hired to provide color commentary for network television, when he announced at the eleventh hour that while he was there: "Why not compete?" Schwarzenegger ended up winning the event with only seven weeks of preparation. After being declared Mr. Olympia for a seventh time, Schwarzenegger officially retired from competition. Steroid use Schwarzenegger has admitted to using performance-enhancing anabolic steroids while they were legal, writing in 1977 that "steroids were helpful to me in maintaining muscle size while on a strict diet in preparation for a contest. I did not use them for muscle growth, but rather for muscle maintenance when cutting up."28 He has called the drugs for "tissue building."29 In 1999, Schwarzenegger sued Dr. Willi Heepe, a German doctor who publicly predicted his early death on the basis of a link between his steroid use and his later heart problems. As the doctor had never examined him personally, Schwarzenegger collected a US$10,000 libel judgment against him in a German court.30 In 1999, Schwarzenegger also sued and settled with The Globe, a U.S. tabloid which had made similar predictions about the bodybuilder's future health.31 Acting career See also: Arnold Schwarzenegger filmography and List of awards and nominations received by Arnold Schwarzenegger Arnold Schwarzenegger Other names Arnold Strong Arnie Occupation Actor, Director, Producer Years active 1970–2006, 2009–present (acting) Schwarzenegger wanted to move from bodybuilding into acting, finally achieving it when he was chosen to play the role of Hercules in 1970's Hercules in New York. Credited under the name "Arnold Strong," his accent in the film was so thick that his lines were dubbed after production.11 His second film appearance was as a deaf mute hit-man for the mob in director Robert Altman's The Long Goodbye (1973), which was followed by a much more significant part in the film Stay Hungry (1976), for which he was awarded a Golden Globe for New Male Star of the Year. Schwarzenegger has discussed his early struggles in developing his acting career. "It was very difficult for me in the beginning – I was told by agents and casting people that my body was 'too weird', that I had a funny accent, and that my name was too long. You name it, and they told me I had to change it. Basically, everywhere I turned, I was told that I had no chance."4 Schwarzenegger drew attention and boosted his profile in the bodybuilding film Pumping Iron (1977),1011 elements of which were dramatized. In 1991, Schwarzenegger purchased the rights to the film, its outtakes, and associated still photography.32 Schwarzenegger auditioned for the title role of The Incredible Hulk, but did not win the role because of his height. Later, Lou Ferrigno got the part of Dr. David Banner's alter ego. Schwarzenegger appeared with Kirk Douglas and Ann-Margret in the 1979 comedy The Villain. In 1980 he starred in a biopic of the 1950s actress Jayne Mansfield as Mansfield's husband, Mickey Hargitay. Arnold Schwarzenegger's star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame Schwarzenegger's breakthrough film was the sword-and-sorcery epic Conan the Barbarian in 1982, which was a box-office hit.10 This was followed by a sequel, Conan the Destroyer in 1984, although it was not as successful as its predecessor.33 In 1983, Schwarzenegger starred in the promotional video "Carnival in Rio". In 1984, he made the first of three appearances as the eponymous character and what some would say was the signature role in his acting career in director James Cameron's science fiction thriller film The Terminator.101134 Following The Terminator, Schwarzenegger made Red Sonja in 1985, which "sank without a trace."33 During the 1980s, audiences had a large appetite for action films, with both Schwarzenegger and Sylvester Stallone becoming international stars.11 Schwarzenegger's roles reflected his droll, often self-deprecating sense of humor (including sometimes famously bad puns), separating his roles from more serious action hero fare. His alternative-universe comedy/thriller Last Action Hero featured a poster of the movie Terminator 2: Judgment Day which, in the fictional alternate universe, had Sylvester Stallone as its star. Following his arrival as a Hollywood superstar, he made a number of successful films: Commando (1985), Raw Deal (1986), The Running Man (1987), and Red Heat (1988). In Predator (1987), another successful film, Schwarzenegger led a cast which included future Minnesota Governor Jesse Ventura (Ventura also appeared in The Running Man and Batman & Robin with Schwarzenegger) and future candidate for governor of Kentucky Sonny Landham. Footprints and handprints of Arnold Schwarzenegger in front of the Grauman's Chinese Theatre Twins (1988), a comedy with Danny DeVito, was a change of pace, and also proved successful. Total Recall (1990) netted Schwarzenegger $10 million and 15% of the gross, and was a widely praised, science fiction script directed by Paul Verhoeven, based on the Philip K. Dick short story, "We Can Remember It for You Wholesale". Kindergarten Cop (1990) reunited him with director Ivan Reitman, who directed him in Twins. The movie also featured actress Pamela Reed. Schwarzenegger had a brief foray into directing, first with a 1990 episode of the TV series Tales from the Crypt, entitled "The Switch", and then with the 1992 telemovie Christmas in Connecticut. He has not directed since. Schwarzenegger's commercial high-water mark was his return as the title character in 1991's Terminator 2: Judgment Day, which was the highest-grossing film of 1991. In 1993, the National Association of Theatre Owners named him the "International Star of the Decade."3 His next film project, the 1993 self-aware action comedy spoof Last Action Hero was released opposite Jurassic Park, with the box office suffering accordingly. His next film, the comedy drama True Lies (1994) was a highly popular spy film, and saw Schwarzenegger, reunited with James Cameron, appearing opposite Jamie Lee Curtis. In 1996, Jingle All The Way was released with Arnold playing the main character, Howard Langston. Arnold Schwarzenegger at the 2003 Cannes Film Festival Shortly thereafter came the comedy Junior (1994), the last of his three collaborations with Ivan Reitman and again co-starring Danny DeVito and also for the second time featuring Pamela Reed. This film brought Schwarzenegger his second Golden Globe nomination, this time for Best Actor – Musical or Comedy. It was followed by the action thriller Eraser (1996) and the comic book-based Batman & Robin (1997), where he played the villain Mr. Freeze. This was his final film before taking time to recuperate from a back injury. Following the critical failure of Batman & Robin, Schwarzenegger's film career and box office prominence went into decline. Several film projects were announced with Schwarzenegger attached to star, including the remake of Planet of the Apes, a new film version of I Am Legend, and a World War II film scripted by Quentin Tarantino that would have seen Schwarzenegger play an Austrian for the fourth time (after Stay Hungry, Junior and Kindergarten Cop). Instead, he returned after a hiatus with the supernatural thriller End of Days (1999), later followed by the action films The 6th Day (2000) and Collateral Damage (2002) all of which failed to do well at the box office. In 2003, he made his third appearance as the title character in Terminator 3: Rise of the Machines, which went on to earn over $150 million domestically. In tribute to Schwarzenegger in 2002, Forum Stadtpark, a local cultural association, proposed plans to build a 25-meter (82 ft) tall Terminator statue in a park in central Graz. Schwarzenegger reportedly said he was flattered, but thought the money would be better spent on social projects and the Special Olympics.35 His film appearances after becoming Governor of California include a 3-second cameo appearance in The Rundown (a.k.a., Welcome to the Jungle) with The Rock, and the 2004 remake of Around the World in 80 Days, where he appeared onscreen with action star Jackie Chan for the first time. In 2005 he appeared as himself in the film The Kid & I. Schwarzenegger voiced Baron von Steuben in Episode 24 ("Valley Forge") of Liberty's Kids. Schwarzenegger had been rumored to be appearing in Terminator Salvation as the original T-800 model, alongside Roland Kickinger. Schwarzenegger denied his involvement,36 but it was later revealed that although he would appear briefly he would not be shooting new footage, and his image would be inserted into the movie from stock footage of the first Terminator movie.3738 Schwarzenegger's most recent appearance was in Sylvester Stallone's The Expendables, where he made a cameo appearance alongside Stallone and Bruce Willis. In January 2011, just weeks after leaving office in California, Schwarzengger announced that he was reading several new scripts for future films, one of them being the World War II action drama With Wings as Eagles, written by Randall Wallace, based on a true story. Of the scripts, Arnold said, "Currently I'm reading three scripts. One topic/script, which I considered a long time ago before governor, is delighting me particularly. In it I would play an older [German] soldier, who gets the order at the ending of the war to kill a bunch of kids. But he doesn't do it and get them to safety at the risk of his life and it has all kind of adventure. This script is based on a true story!"3940 On February 11, 2011, Schwarzenegger announced that he is returning to acting.41 Political career Main article: Political career of Arnold Schwarzenegger Vice President Dick Cheney meets with Schwarzenegger for the first time at the White House. Early politics Schwarzenegger has been a registered Republican for many years. As an actor, his political views were always well-known as they contrasted with those of many other prominent Hollywood stars, who are generally considered to be a liberal and Democratic-leaning community. At the 2004 Republican National Convention, Schwarzenegger gave a speech and explained why he was a Republican:42 I finally arrived here in 1968. What a special day it was. I remember I arrived here with empty pockets but full of dreams, full of determination, full of desire. The presidential campaign was in full swing. I remember watching the Nixon-Humphrey presidential race on TV. A friend of mine who spoke German and English translated for me. I heard Humphrey saying things that sounded like socialism, which I had just left. But then I heard Nixon speak. He was talking about free enterprise, getting the government off your back, lowering the taxes and strengthening the military. Listening to Nixon speak sounded more like a breath of fresh air. I said to my friend, I said, "What party is he?" My friend said, "He's a Republican." I said, "Then I am a Republican." And I have been a Republican ever since. In 1985, Schwarzenegger appeared in Stop the Madness, an anti-drug music video sponsored by the Reagan administration. He first came to wide public notice as a Republican during the 1988 Presidential election, accompanying then-Vice President George H.W. Bush at a campaign rally.43 Schwarzenegger's first political appointment was as chairman of the President's Council on Physical Fitness and Sports, on which he served from 1990 to 1993.3 He was nominated by George H. W. Bush, who dubbed him "Conan the Republican". He later served as Chairman for the California Governor's Council on Physical Fitness and Sports under Governor Pete Wilson. Yet, political analysts have identified Schwarzenegger as a liberal, as he has become more left-leaning since his election.44 Between 1993 and 1994, Schwarzenegger was a Red Cross ambassador (a mostly ceremonial role fulfilled by celebrities), recording several television/radio public service announcements to give blood. A small amount of interest was garnered by his wearing of a white t-shirt with the Red Cross on it, while posing with a flexed arm; the image made it into several celebrity magazines. In an interview with Talk magazine in late 1999, Schwarzenegger was asked if he thought of running for office. He replied, "I think about it many times. The possibility is there, because I feel it inside."45 The Hollywood Reporter claimed shortly after that Schwarzenegger sought to end speculation that he might run for governor of California.45 Following his initial comments, Schwarzenegger said, "I'm in show business – I am in the middle of my career. Why would I go away from that and jump into something else?"45 Governor of California Schwarzenegger announced his candidacy in the 2003 California recall election for Governor of California on the August 6, 2003 episode of The Tonight Show with Jay Leno.11 As a candidate in the recall election, Schwarzenegger had the most name recognition in a crowded field of candidates, but he had never held public office and his political views were unknown to most Californians. His candidacy immediately became national and international news, with media outlets dubbing him the "Governator" (referring to The Terminator movies, see above) and "The Running Man" (the name of another one of his films), and calling the recall election "Total Recall" (yet another Schwarzenegger starrer). Schwarzenegger declined to participate in several debates with other recall replacement candidates, and appeared in only one debate on September 24, 2003.46 President George W. Bush meets with Schwarzenegger after his successful election to the California Governorship On October 7, 2003, the recall election resulted in Governor Gray Davis being removed from office with 55.4% of the Yes vote in favor of a recall. Schwarzenegger was elected Governor of California under the second question on the ballot with 48.6% of the vote to choose a successor to Davis. Schwarzenegger defeated Democrat Cruz Bustamante, fellow Republican Tom McClintock, and others. His nearest rival, Bustamante, received 31% of the vote. In total, Schwarzenegger won the election by about 1.3 million votes. Under the regulations of the California Constitution, no runoff election was required. Schwarzenegger was the first foreign-born governor of California since Irish-born Governor John G. Downey in 1862. As soon as Schwarzenegger was elected governor, Willie Brown said he would start a drive to recall the governor. Schwarzenegger was equally entrenched in what he considered to be his mandate in cleaning up gridlock. Building on a catchphrase from the sketch "Hans and Franz" from Saturday Night Live (which partly parodied his bodybuilding career), Schwarzenegger called the Democratic State politicians "girlie men".47 Schwarzenegger in December 2008 Schwarzenegger's early victories included repealing an unpopular increase in the vehicle registration fee as well as preventing driver's licenses being given out to illegal immigrants, but later he began to feel the backlash when powerful state unions began to oppose his various initiatives. Key among his reckoning with political realities was a special election he called in November 2005, in which four ballot measures he sponsored were defeated. Schwarzenegger accepted personal responsibility for the defeats and vowed to continue to seek consensus for the people of California. He would later comment that "no one could win if the opposition raised 160 million dollars to defeat you". Schwarzenegger then went against the advice of fellow Republican strategists and appointed a Democrat, Susan Kennedy, as his Chief of Staff.48 Schwarzenegger gradually moved towards a more politically moderate position, determined to build a winning legacy with only a short time to go until the next gubernatorial election. Schwarzenegger ran for re-election against Democrat Phil Angelides, the California State Treasurer, in the 2006 elections, held on November 7, 2006. Despite a poor year nationally for the Republican party, Schwarzenegger won re-election with 56.0% of the vote compared with 38.9% for Angelides, a margin of well over one million votes.49 In recent years, many commentators have seen Schwarzenegger as moving away from the right and towards the center of the political spectrum. After hearing a speech by Schwarzenegger at the 2006 Martin Luther King, Jr. breakfast, San Francisco mayor Gavin Newsom said that, "[H]e's becoming a Democrat [... H]e's running back, not even to the center. I would say center-left". It was rumored that Schwarzenegger might run for the United States Senate in 2010, as his governorship would be term-limited by that time. This turned out to be false.5051 With Schwarzenegger and Senator Dianne Feinstein behind him, President George W. Bush comments on wildfires and firefighting efforts in California, October 2007 With Dmitry Medvedev in a Chaika Wendy Leigh, who wrote an unofficial biography on Schwarzenegger, claims he plotted his political rise from an early age using the movie business and bodybuilding as building blocks to escape a depressing home.7 Leigh portrays Schwarzenegger as obsessed with power and quotes him as saying, "I wanted to be part of the small percentage of people who were leaders, not the large mass of followers. I think it is because I saw leaders use 100% of their potential –I was always fascinated by people in control of other people."7 Schwarzenegger has said that it was never his intention to enter politics, but he says, "I married into a political family. You get together with them and you hear about policy, about reaching out to help people. I was exposed to the idea of being a public servant and Eunice and Sargent Shriver became my heroes."22 Eunice Kennedy Shriver was sister of John F. Kennedy, and mother-in-law to Schwarzenegger; Sargent Shriver is husband to Eunice and father-in-law to Schwarzenegger. He cannot run for president as he is not a natural born citizen of the United States. In The Simpsons Movie (2007), he is portrayed as the President, and in the Sylvester Stallone movie, Demolition Man (1993, ten years before his first run for political office), it is revealed that a constitutional amendment passed which allowed Schwarzenegger to run for President. Schwarzenegger is a dual Austria/United States citizen.52 He holds Austrian citizenship by birth and has held U.S. citizenship since becoming naturalized in 1983. Being Austrian and thus European, he was able to win the 2007 European Voice campaigner of the year award for taking action against climate change with the California Global Warming Solutions Act of 2006 and plans to introduce an emissions trading scheme with other US states and possibly with the EU.53 Still, Schwarzenegger has always identified with his American citizenship, and has shown great affinity for the state of California beyond his foreign birth. Because of his personal wealth from his acting career, Schwarzenegger did not accept his governor's salary of $175,000 per year.54 He stated after he left office that being governor cost him as much as $200 million in potential movie deals, but that "it was more than worth it."55 Schwarzenegger's endorsement in the Republican primary of the 2008 U.S. Presidential election was highly sought; despite being good friends with candidates Rudy Giuliani and Senator John McCain, Schwarzenegger remained neutral throughout 2007 and early 2008. Giuliani dropped out of the Presidential race on January 30, 2008, largely because of a poor showing in Florida, and endorsed McCain. Later that night, Schwarzenegger was in the audience at a Republican debate at the Ronald Reagan Presidential Library in California. The following day, he endorsed McCain, joking, "It's Rudy's fault!" (in reference to his friendships with both candidates and that he could not make up his mind).56 Schwarzenegger's endorsement was thought to be a boost for Senator McCain's campaign; both spoke about their concerns for the environment and economy. In its April 2010 report, Progressive ethics watchdog group Citizens for Responsibility and Ethics in Washington named Schwarzenegger one of 11 "worst governors" in the United States because of various ethics issues throughout Schwarzenegger's term as governor.57585960 Amendment of Three Strikes Law Governor Schwarzenegger played a significant role in opposing Proposition 66, a proposed amendment of the Californian Three Strikes Law, in November 2004. This amendment would have required the third felony to be either violent or serious to mandate a 25-years-to-life sentence. In the last week before the ballot, Schwarzenegger launched an intensive campaign61 against Proposition 66.62 He stated that "it would release 26,000 dangerous criminals and rapists". Electoral history California Gubernatorial Recall Election 2003 Party Candidate Votes % ±% Republican Arnold Schwarzenegger 4,206,284 48.6 Democratic Cruz Bustamante 2,724,874 31.5 Republican Tom McClintock 1,161,287 13.5 Green Peter Miguel Camejo 242,247 2.8 California Gubernatorial Election 2006 Party Candidate Votes % ±% Republican Arnold Schwarzenegger 4,850,157 55.9 +7.3 Democratic Phil Angelides 3,376,732 39.0 Green Peter Miguel Camejo 205,995 2.3 -0.5 Environmental record On September 27, 2006 Schwarzenegger signed a bill creating the nation's first cap on greenhouse gas emissions. The law set new regulations on the amount of emissions utilities, refineries and manufacturing plants are allowed to release into the atmosphere. Schwarzenegger also signed a second global warming bill that prohibits large utilities and corporations in California from making long-term contracts with suppliers who do not meet the state's greenhouse gas emission standards. The two bills are part of a plan to reduce California's emissions by 25 percent to 1990's levels by 2020. In 2005, Schwarzenegger issued an executive order calling to reduce greenhouse gases to 80 percent below 1990 levels by 2050.63 Schwarzenegger signed another executive order on October 17, 2006 allowing California to work with the Northeast's Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative. They plan to reduce carbon dioxide emissions by issuing a limited amount of carbon credits to each power plant in participating states. Any power plants that exceed emissions for the amount of carbon credits will have to purchase more credits to cover the difference. The plan is set to be in effect in 2009.64 In addition to using his political power to fight global warming, the governor has taken steps at his home to reduce his personal carbon footprint. Schwarzenegger has adapted one of his Hummers to run on hydrogen and another to run on biofuels. He has also installed solar panels to heat his home.65 In respect of his contribution to the direction of the US motor industry, Schwarzenegger was invited to open the 2009 SAE World Congress in Detroit, on April 20, 2009.66 Business career Schwarzenegger has also had a highly successful business career.722 Following his move to the United States, Schwarzenegger became a "prolific goal setter" and would write his objectives at the start of the year on index cards, like starting a mail order business or buying a new car – and succeed in doing so.16 By the age of 30, Schwarzenegger was a millionaire, well before his career in Hollywood. His financial independence came from a series of successful business ventures and investments. In 1968, Schwarzenegger and fellow bodybuilder Franco Columbu started a bricklaying business. The business flourished thanks to the pair's marketing savvy and an increased demand following the 1971 San Fernando earthquake.6768 Schwarzenegger and Columbu used profits from their bricklaying venture to start a mail order business, selling bodybuilding and fitness-related equipment and instructional tapes.367 Schwarzenegger rolled profits from the mail order business and his bodybuilding competition winnings into his first real estate venture: an apartment building he purchased for $10,000. He would go on to invest in a number of real estate holding companies.6970 In 1992, Schwarzenegger and his wife opened a restaurant in Santa Monica called Schatzi On Main. Schatzi literally means "little treasure," colloquial for "honey" or "darling" in German. In 1998, he sold his restaurant.71 He invested in a shopping mall in Columbus, Ohio. He has talked about some of those who have helped him over the years in business: "I couldn't have learned about business without a parade of teachers guiding me... from Milton Friedman to Donald Trump... and now, Les Wexner and Warren Buffett. I even learned a thing or two from Planet Hollywood, such as when to get out! And I did!"13 He has significant ownership in Dimensional Fund Advisors, an investment firm.72 Planet Hollywood See also: Planet Hollywood Schwarzenegger was a founding celebrity investor in the Planet Hollywood chain of international theme restaurants (modeled after the Hard Rock Cafe) along with Bruce Willis, Sylvester Stallone and Demi Moore. Schwarzenegger severed his financial ties with the business in early 2000.73 Schwarzenegger said the company had not had the success he had hoped for, claiming he wanted to focus his attention on "new US global business ventures" and his movie career.73 Net worth Schwarzenegger's net worth has been conservatively estimated at between $100–$200 million.74 Over the years, he invested his bodybuilding and movie earnings in an array of stocks, bonds, privately controlled companies and real estate holdings worldwide, so a more accurate estimation of his net worth is difficult to calculate, particularly in light of declining real estate values owing to economic recessions in the USA and Europe. In June 1997, Schwarzenegger spent $38 million of his own money on a private Gulfstream Jet.75 Schwarzenegger once said of his fortune, "Money doesn't make you happy. I now have $50 million, but I was just as happy when I had $48 million."7 He has also stated, "I've made many millions as a businessman many times over."13 Allegations of sexual and personal misconduct Code Pink protesting against Schwarzenegger During his initial campaign for governor, allegations of sexual and personal misconduct were raised against Schwarzenegger, dubbed "Gropegate".76 Within the last five days before the election, news reports appeared in the Los Angeles Times recounting allegations of sexual misconduct from several individual women, six of whom eventually came forward with their personal stories.77 Three of the women claimed he had grabbed their breasts, a fourth said he placed his hand under her skirt on her buttock. A fifth woman claimed Schwarzenegger tried to take off her bathing suit in a hotel elevator, and the last says he pulled her onto his lap and asked her about a particular sex act.76 Schwarzenegger admitted that he has "behaved badly sometimes" and apologized, but also stated that "a lot of [what] you see in the stories is not true". This came after an interview in adult magazine Oui from 1977 surfaced, in which Schwarzenegger discussed attending sexual orgies and using substances such as marijuana.78 Schwarzenegger is shown smoking a marijuana joint after winning Mr. Olympia in the 1975 documentary film Pumping Iron. In an interview with GQ magazine in October 2007, Schwarzenegger said, "[Marijuana] is not a drug. It's a leaf. My drug was pumping iron, trust me."79 His spokesperson later said the comment was meant to be a joke.79 British television personality Anna Richardson settled a libel lawsuit in August 2006 against Schwarzenegger, his top aide, Sean Walsh, and his publicist, Sheryl Main.80 A joint statement read: "The parties are content to put this matter behind them and are pleased that this legal dispute has now been settled."80 Richardson claimed they tried to tarnish her reputation by dismissing her allegations that Schwarzenegger touched her breast during a press event for The 6th Day in London.81 She claimed Walsh and Main libeled her in a Los Angeles Times article when they contended she encouraged his behavior.80 Personal life Schwarzenegger with his wife Maria Shriver at the 2007 Special Olympics in Shanghai, China On April 26, 1986, Schwarzenegger married television journalist Maria Shriver, niece of President John F. Kennedy, in Hyannis, Massachusetts. The Rev. John Baptist Riordan performed the ceremony at St. Francis Xavier Catholic Church.82 They have four children: Katherine Eunice Shriver Schwarzenegger83 (born December 13, 1989 in Los Angeles); Christina Maria Aurelia Schwarzenegger (born July 23, 1991 in Los Angeles);84 Patrick Arnold Schwarzenegger (born September 18, 1993 in Los Angeles);85 and Christopher Sargent Shriver Schwarzenegger (born September 27, 1997 in Los Angeles).86 Schwarzenegger and his family currently live in their 11,000-square-foot (1,000 m2) home in Brentwood.8788 They used to own a home in the Pacific Palisades.89 The family owns vacation homes in Sun Valley, Idaho and Hyannis Port, Massachusetts.90 On Sundays, the family attends Mass at St. Monica's Catholic Church.91 Schwarzenegger has said he believes the secret of a good marriage is love and respect.4 "If you have the ultimate love for your wife and she has it for you, I think you have a great head start ... That's not to say it won't be difficult sometimes. You go through your ups and downs but you work through it."4 Schwarzenegger has talked about parenthood in 2000: "One of the best things you can do with your children is play with them. At the same time, I act very silly. Many times I do a lot of sports with them. I play games with them. Act out parts. We do little plays, sometimes."4 His official height of 6'2" has been brought into question by several articles. In his bodybuilding days in the late 1960s, he was measured to be 6'1.5", a height confirmed by his fellow bodybuilders.9293 However, in 1988 both the Daily Mail and Time Out magazine mentioned that Schwarzenegger appeared noticeably shorter.94 More recently, before running for Governor, Schwarzenegger's height was once again questioned in an article by the Chicago Reader.95 As Governor, Schwarzenegger engaged in a light-hearted exchange with Assemblyman Herb Wesson over their heights. At one point Wesson made an unsuccessful attempt to, in his own words, "[s]ettle this once and for all and find out how tall he is"96 by using a tailor's tape measure on the Governor. Schwarzenegger retaliated by placing a pillow stitched with the words "Need a lift?" on the five-foot-five inch (165 cm) Wesson's chair before a negotiating session in his office.97 Bob Mulholland also claimed Arnold was 5'10" and that he wore risers in his boots.98 The debate on Schwarzenegger's height has spawned a website solely dedicated to the issue,99 and his page remains one of the most active on CelebHeights.com, a website which discusses the heights of celebrities.92 In 2005, Peter Pilz, from the Austrian Green Party, demanded that parliament revoke Schwarzenegger's Austrian citizenship. This demand was based on Article 33 of the Austrian Citizenship Act that states: A citizen, who is in the public service of a foreign country, shall be deprived of his citizenship, if he heavily damages the reputation or the interests of the Austrian Republic.52 Pilz claimed that Schwarzenegger's actions in support of the death penalty (prohibited in Austria under Protocol 13 of the European Convention on Human Rights) had indeed done damage to Austria's reputation. Schwarzenegger explained his actions by referring to the fact that his only duty as Governor of California was to prevent an error in the judicial system. Schwarzenegger's home town of Graz had its soccer stadium named The Arnold Schwarzenegger Stadium in his honor. It is the home of both Grazer AK and Sturm Graz. Following the Stanley Williams execution and after street protests in his hometown, several local politicians began a campaign to remove Schwarzenegger's name from the stadium. Schwarzenegger responded, saying that "to spare the responsible politicians of the city of Graz further concern, I withdraw from them as of this day the right to use my name in association with the Liebenau Stadium", and set a tight deadline of just a couple of days to remove his name. Graz officials removed Schwarzenegger's name from the stadium in December 2005.100 It is now officially titled UPC-Arena. The Sun Valley Resort has a short ski trail called Arnold's Run, named after Schwarzenegger (It was named after him in 2001).101 The trail is categorized as a black diamond, or most difficult, for its terrain.102 He bought the first Hummer manufactured for civilian use in 1992, a model so large, 6,300 lbs and 7 feet (2.1 m) wide, that it is classified as a large truck and U.S. fuel economy regulations do not apply to it. During the Gubernatorial Recall campaign he announced that he would convert one of his Hummers to burn hydrogen. The conversion was reported to have cost about US$21,000. After the election, he signed an executive order to jump-start the building of hydrogen refueling plants called the California Hydrogen Highway Network, and gained a U.S. Department of Energy grant to help pay for its projected US$91,000,000 cost.103 California took delivery of the first H2H (Hydrogen Hummer) in October 2004.104 People in Thal celebrated Schwarzenegger's 60th birthday by throwing a party. Officials proclaimed A Day for Arnold on July 30, 2007. Thal 145, the number of the house where Schwarzenegger was born, belonged to Schwarzenegger and no one will ever be assigned to that number.105 On February 12, 2010, Schwarzenegger was the 18th runner on the 106th day of the Vancouver Olympic Torch relay. His leg was along the Stanley Park Seawall, and he exchanged a "torch kiss" with the next runner, Sebastian Coe.106 Accidents and injuries Schwarzenegger broke his right femur while skiing in Sun Valley, Idaho with his family on December 23, 2006.107 He tripped over his ski pole on Lower Warm Springs run on Bald Mountain, an 'easy' or green level run. He is an expert level skier. On December 26, 2006, he underwent a 90-minute operation in which cables and screws were used to wire the broken bone back together. He was released from the St. John's Health Center on December 30, 2006.108 Schwarzenegger did not delay his second oath of office on January 5, 2007, although he was still on crutches at the time. Schwarzenegger has twice crashed motorcycles on public highways, injuring himself in the process. On January 8, 2006, while riding his Harley Davidson motorcycle in Los Angeles, with his son Patrick in the sidecar, another driver backed into the street he was riding on, causing him and his son to collide with the car at a low speed. While his son and the other driver were unharmed, the governor sustained a minor injury to his lip, forcing him to get 15 stitches. "No citations were issued", said Officer Jason Lee, a Los Angeles Police Department spokesman.109 Previously, on December 9, 2001, he broke six ribs and was hospitalized for four days after a motorcycle crash in Los Angeles.110 Schwarzenegger did not obtain his motorcycle license until July 3, 2006.111 Schwarzenegger was born with a bicuspid aortic valve, an aortic valve with only two leaflets (a normal aortic valve has three leaflets).112113 Schwarzenegger opted in 1997 for a replacement heart valve made of his own transplanted tissue; medical experts predicted he would require heart valve replacement surgery in the following two to eight years as his valve would progressively degrade. Schwarzenegger apparently opted against a mechanical valve, the only permanent solution available at the time of his surgery, because it would have sharply limited his physical activity and capacity to exercise.114 He saved a drowning man's life in 2004 while on vacation in Hawaii by swimming out and bringing him back to shore.115 Schwarzenegger's private jet made an emergency landing at Van Nuys Airport on June 19, 2009 after the pilot reported smoke coming from the cockpit, according to a statement released by the governor's press secretary. No one was harmed in the incident.116 References ^ "Biography for Arnold Schwarzenegger". IMDb. http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0000216/bio. Retrieved April 18, 2008.  ^ Kurtzman, Laura (January 5, 2007). "Schwarzenegger Sworn in for Second Term". The Washington Post. Associated Press. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/01/05/AR2007010501386.html. Retrieved April 23, 2008.  ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p "Time of His Life". 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BodyBuild.com. http://www.bodybuildbid.com/articles/mrolympia/arnold-schwarzenegger.html. Retrieved April 18, 2008.  ^ a b c d Katz, Ephraim (2006). Film Encyclopedia. HarperCollins. ISBN 0060742143.  ^ a b c d e f g h i "Profile: Arnold Schwarzenegger". BBC. August 31, 2004. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/3131155.stm. Retrieved April 18, 2008.  ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n "Mr. Everything". Schwarzenegger.com. http://www.schwarzenegger.com/en/athlete/mreverything/index.asp?sec=athlete&subsec=mreverything. Retrieved April 18, 2008.  ^ a b c d Schwarzenegger, Arnold (October 3, 2001). "ARNOLD'S "PERSPECTIVES"". Schwarzenegger.com. http://www.schwarzenegger.com/en/life/hiswords/words_en_sac_perspectives.asp?sec=life&subsec=hiswords. Retrieved April 18, 2008.  ^ Schwarzenegger, Arnold. "In his own words". Schwarzenegger.com. http://www.schwarzenegger.com/en/life/hiswords/life_hiswords_eng_legacy_366.asp?sec=life&subsec=hiswords. 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"Schwarzenegger Remakes Himself as Environmentalist". The Washington Post. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/12/22/AR2006122201476.html. Retrieved July 13, 2008.  ^ Marinucci, Carla (March 22, 2009). "Predictions for Schwarzenegger's Next Big Role". San Francisco Chronicle. http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/c/a/2009/03/22/MNJH16KC5G.DTL. Retrieved March 23, 2009.  ^ a b "BBC News: Schwarzenegger 'damages Austria'". BBC News. January 22, 2005. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/4198633.stm. Retrieved April 18, 2008. "He said Mr Schwarzenegger, who has dual nationality..."  ^ "Schwarzenegger wins European Voice campaigner of the year award". European Voice. November 27, 2007. http://www.europeanvoice.com/page/the-evawards-europeans-of-the-year/784.aspx. Retrieved April 18, 2008.  ^ Nelson, Soraya (April 15, 2006). "News: Schwarzenegger releases tax returns". OCRegister.com. http://www.ocregister.com/ocregister/news/atoz/article_1102616.php. Retrieved April 18, 2008.  ^ http://news.yahoo.com/s/nm/20110114/pl_nm/us_austria_schwarzenegger ^ [weblogs.baltimoresun.com/news/politics/blog/2008/01/arnold_opens_flood_of_mccain_e.html "Arnold opens 'flood' of McCain endorsements"]. The Baltimore Sun. weblogs.baltimoresun.com/news/politics/blog/2008/01/arnold_opens_flood_of_mccain_e.html. Retrieved May 7, 2008.  ^ . Press release.  ^ Vogel, Ed (2010-04-21). "Gibbons named on list of worst governors". Las Vegas Review-Journal. http://www.lvrj.com/news/gibbons-named-on-list-of-worst-governors-91723774.html. Retrieved 2010-05-05  ^ "Scandals Land Gibbons On 'Worst Governors' List". KVVU-TV (Fox 5, Las Vegas). 2010-04-21. http://www.fox5vegas.com/news/23220458/detail.html. Retrieved 2010-05-05.  ^ "Crew's Worst Governors". Citizens for Responsibility and Ethics in Washington. http://www.citizensforethics.org/worstgovernors#Gibbons. Retrieved 2010-05-05.  ^ April 7, 2008 (April 7, 2008). "TV-commercial of Arnold Schwarzenegger against Proposition 66". Youtube.com. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7F6PBldQxZc&feature=related. Retrieved March 8, 2010.  ^ "Megan Garvey and Robert Salladay "Prop. 66 in Tough Fight", LAtimes.com". Articles.latimes.com. November 1, 2004. http://articles.latimes.com/2004/nov/01/local/me-campaign1. Retrieved March 8, 2010.  ^ Young, Samantha (September 27, 2006). "Schwarzenegger Signs Global Warming Bill". The Washington Post. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/09/27/AR2006092700174.html. Retrieved May 15, 2008.  ^ Matthews, Karen (October 17, 2006). "Cal Joins Northeast Global Warming Fight". Fox News. http://www.foxnews.com/wires/2006Oct17/0,4670,GlobalWarmingSchwarzenegger,00.html. Retrieved May 15, 2008.  ^ "The Governator's green agenda" Fortune Magazine. March 23, 2007. Accessed May 15, 2008. ^ "SAE 2009 World Congress Special Opening Ceremonies to Feature Gov. Arnold Schwarzenegger" SAE. March 10, 2009. Retrieved April 6, 2009. ^ a b Morgan, Kaya. "Real Life Action Hero". Millionaire Magazine. http://www.millionaire.com/interviews_schwarzenegger.htm. Retrieved April 18, 2008.  ^ ""Working" Out". Schwarzenegger.com. http://www.schwarzenegger.com/en/life/didyouknow/life_didyouknow_eng_legacy_257.asp?sec=life&subsec=didyouknow. Retrieved April 18, 2008.  ^ Williams, Lance (August 10, 2003). "Schwarzenegger reveals pumped-up finances". San Francisco Chronicle. http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/chronicle/archive/2003/08/10/ARNOLD.TMP. Retrieved April 18, 2008.  ^ Fleschner, Malcolm. "The Best Salesman in America?". Selling Power. Archived from the original on February 24, 2008. http://web.archive.org/web/20080224112746/http://www.sellingpower.com/article/display.asp?aid=SP4182687. Retrieved April 18, 2008.  ^ "The foundation for taxpayer and consumer rights is in the wrong in its junk fax lawsuit where it falsely blames Arnold Schwarzenegger for faxes sent to promote a restaurant he doesn't own". Schwarzenegger.com. http://www.schwarzenegger.com/en/news/uptotheminute/news_uptotheminute_eng_legacy_16.asp?sec=news&subsec=uptotheminute. Retrieved April 18, 2008.  ^ Weinraub, Bernard (August 17, 2003). "Schwarzenegger's Next Goal On Dogged, Ambitious Path". New York Times. http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9B06E5D81230F934A2575BC0A9659C8B63&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=2. Retrieved April 18, 2008.  ^ a b "Arnold leaves planet". Schwarzenegger.com. January 25, 2000. http://www.schwarzenegger.com/news.asp?id=71. Retrieved April 18, 2008.  ^ Williams, Lance (August 17, 2003). "Schwarzenegger worth $100 million, experts say". San Francisco Chronicle. http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/c/a/2003/08/17/TAXES.TMP. Retrieved April 18, 2008.  ^ Fleming, Charles (1999). High concept: Don Simpson and the Hollywood Culture of Excess. Bloomsbury. ISBN 0747542627.  ^ a b "Sex scandal draws Arnie apology". BBC. March 10, 2004. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/3159122.stm. Retrieved April 18, 2008.  ^ "Schwarzenegger sorry for behaving 'badly' toward women". CNN. October 3, 2003. http://www.cnn.com/2003/ALLPOLITICS/10/02/recall.schwarzenegger/index.html. Retrieved April 18, 2008.  ^ "Schwarzenegger's Sex Talk". The Smoking Gun. http://www.thesmokinggun.com/archive/arnoldinter1.html. Retrieved April 18, 2008.  ^ a b "Governor says marijuana is not a drug, 'it's a leaf'". Los Angeles Times. October 29, 2007. http://articles.latimes.com/2007/oct/29/local/me-arnold29.  ^ a b c "Schwarzenegger libel 'settled'". BBC. August 26, 2006. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/film/5288194.stm. Retrieved April 18, 2008.  ^ "UK judge allows Arnie libel case". BBC. March 23, 2005. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/film/4375679.stm. Retrieved April 18, 2008.  ^ "Maria Owings Shriver Wed To Arnold Schwarzenegger". New York Times. April 27, 1986. http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9A0DE3DF103DF934A15757C0A960948260. Retrieved April 18, 2008.  ^ "Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger's Brentwood High School Commencement Speech". gov.ca.gov. June 7, 2008. http://gov.ca.gov/speech/9858. Retrieved June 22, 2008.  ^ Pace, Eric (July 24, 1991). "Chronicle". New York Times. http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9D0CE0DD1E3DF937A15754C0A967958260&n=Top%2fReference%2fTimes%20Topics%2fPeople%2fS%2fSchwarzenegger%2c%20Arnold. Retrieved April 18, 2008.  ^ Brozan, Nadine (September 21, 1993). "Chronicle". New York Times. http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9F0CE6DB1430F932A1575AC0A965958260&n=Top%2fReference%2fTimes%20Topics%2fPeople%2fS%2fShriver%2c%20Maria. Retrieved April 18, 2008.  ^ Brozan, Nadine (September 30, 1997). "Chronicle". New York Times. http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9D00E3D8103AF933A0575AC0A961958260&n=Top%2fReference%2fTimes%20Topics%2fPeople%2fS%2fShriver%2c%20Maria. Retrieved April 18, 2008.  ^ Schiffman, Betsy (June 27, 2003). "Next Stop – Governor's Mansion?". Forbes. http://www.forbes.com/2003/06/27/cx_bs_0627movers.html. Retrieved April 18, 2008.  ^ Lacayo, Richard (August 10, 2003). "The Mind Behind the Muscles". TIME. http://www.time.com/time/printout/0,8816,474589,00.html. Retrieved April 18, 2008.  ^ Ryon, Ruth (July 6, 2003). "Schwarzenegger, Shriver selling home in Palisades". San Francisco Chronicle. http://sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2003/07/06/RE54354.DTL. Retrieved April 18, 2008.  ^ Dunteman, Dayna (May 2004). "Catching Up With Maria Shriver". Sacramento Magazine. http://www.sacmag.com/media/Sacramento-Magazine/May-2004/Catching-Up-With-Maria-Shriver/. Retrieved April 18, 2008.  ^ "Maria Shriver Ends Her Silence On Husband's Campaign". NBC. September 8, 2003. http://www.knbc.com/politics/2463270/detail.html. Retrieved April 18, 2008.  ^ a b "Arnold Schwarzenegger Height, Schwarzenegger's". celebheights.com. http://www.celebheights.com/s/Arnold-Schwarzenegger-177.html. Retrieved April 18, 2008.  ^ "Schwarzenegger Measured". ArnoldHeight. http://www.arnoldheight.com/article5.html.  ^ Andrews, N: "True Myths: The life and times of Arnold Schwarzenegger," page 157. Bloomsbury, 2003 ^ Miner, Michael (September 23, 2003). "Poor Recall". Chicago Reader. http://www.chicagoreader.com/hottype/2003/030919_1.html. Retrieved April 18, 2008.  ^ Salladay, Robert (October 23, 2003). "Incoming governor's mantra: 'Action'". San Francisco Chronicle. http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/c/a/2003/10/23/MNG2C2HG8R1.DTL. Retrieved April 18, 2008.  ^ Weintraub, Daniel. "Schwarzenegger Blinked" (PDF). National Conference of State Legislators. https://www.ncsl.org/programs/pubs/slmag/2004/04SLDec_Schwarzenegger.pdf. 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About.com. http://trucks.about.com/od/hybridcar/a/hummer_h2h.htm. Retrieved April 18, 2008.  ^ "Strudel, schnitzel shower Schwarzenegger at 60th birthday bash". USAToday. Associated Press. July 30, 2007. http://www.usatoday.com/life/people/2007-07-30-schwarzenegger_N.htm?csp=34. Retrieved April 18, 2008.  ^ "How Vancouver almost lost the 2010 Olympics — Vancouver 2010 Olympics". Toronto: Olympics.thestar.com. February 12, 2010. http://olympics.thestar.com/2010/article/764519--how-vancouver-almost-lost-the-2010-olympics. Retrieved March 8, 2010.  ^ "Calif. Gov. Schwarzenegger Breaks Leg in Skiing Accident in Idaho". Associated Press. FOX News. December 24, 2006. http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,238562,00.html. Retrieved April 18, 2008.  ^ "Schwarzenegger cleared to resume duties after surgery". Los Angeles Times. December 26, 2006.  ^ "No Charges Against Schwarzenegger". http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/10811025/. Retrieved July 13, 2008.  ^ "Schwarzenegger, son get in motorcycle accident". USA Today. Associated Press. January 9, 2006. http://www.usatoday.com/news/nation/2006-01-09-schwarzenegger-accident_x.htm. Retrieved April 18, 2008.  ^ Navarro, Mireya (7 July 2006). "Schwarzenegger Finally Gets a License". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2006/07/07/us/07arnold.html?_r=2&oref=slogin. Retrieved 2 February 2011.  ^ "Surgery Leaves Star Undimmed". The Free Library (Farlex). April 18, 1997. http://www.thefreelibrary.com/NEWS+LITE+:+SURGERY+LEAVES+STAR+UNDIMMED-a083864140. Retrieved July 29, 2008.  ^ Starnes, Dr. Vaughn A. (March 8, 2001). "Renowned Cardiac Surgeon Proclaims Medical "Facts" In Article "Represent No Facts At All"". http://www.schwarzenegger.com/en/news/uptotheminute/news_uptotheminute_eng_legacy_18.asp?sec=news&subsec=uptotheminute. Retrieved March 3, 2009.  ^ "Schwarzenegger Has Elective Heart Surgery". New York Times. April 18, 1997. http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C04E6D9113FF93BA25757C0A961958260&n=Top%2fReference%2fTimes%20Topics%2fPeople%2fS%2fSchwarzenegger%2c%20Arnold. Retrieved April 18, 2008.  ^ "Movie Heroes to the (Real-Life) Rescue!". Netscape celebrity. April 10, 2004. http://channels.isp.netscape.com/celebrity/becksmith.jsp?p=bsf_heroesrescue. Retrieved July 24, 2010.  ^ Santa Cruz, Nicole (June 19, 2009). "Governor's plane makes emergency landing in Van Nuys". The Los Angeles Times. http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/lanow/2009/06/governors-plane-makes-emergency-landing-in-van-nuys.html. Retrieved June 20, 2009.  Bibliography Schwarzenegger, Arnold (1977). Arnold: Developing a Mr. Universe Physique. Schwarzenegger.   – with Douglas Kent Hall (1977). Arnold: The Education of a Bodybuilder. New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 0-671-22879-X.   – with Douglas Kent Hall (1979). Arnold's Bodyshaping for Women. New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 0-671-24301-2.   – with Bill Dobbins (1981). Arnold's Bodybuilding for Men. New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 0-671-25613-0.   – with Bill Dobbins (1998). The New Encyclopedia of Modern Bodybuilding (rev. ed.). New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 0-684-84374-9.  Andrews, Nigel (2003). True Myths: The Life and Times of Arnold Schwarzenegger: From Pumping Iron to Governor of California (rev. ed.). New York: Bloomsbury. ISBN 1-58234-465-5.  Blitz, Michael; and Louise Krasniewicz (2004). Why Arnold Matters: The Rise of a Cultural Icon. New York: Basic Books. ISBN 0-465-03752-6.  Borowitz, Andy (2004). Governor Arnold: A Photodiary of His First 100 Days in Office. New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 0-7432-6266-2.  Brandon, Karen (2004). Arnold Schwarzenegger. San Diego: Lucent Books. ISBN 1-59018-539-0.  Saunders, Dave (2008). "Arnie": Schwarzenegger and the Movies. London: I. B. Tauris.  Sexton, Colleen A. (2005). Arnold Schwarzenegger. Minneapolis: Lerner Publications. ISBN 0-8225-1634-9.  Zannos, Susan (2000). Arnold Schwarzenegger. Childs, Md.: Mitchell Lane. ISBN 1-883845-95-5.  Interviews Interview in Oui magazine, August 1977 at thesmokinggun.com Excerpts from Time Out (London) interview, 1977 at time.com Schwarzenegger Interview on The Hour with George Stroumboulopoulos Film "Arnold Schwarzenegger – Hollywood Hero" DVD ~ Todd Baker "Pumping Iron" (25th Anniversary Special Edition) DVD ~ George Butler Arnold Schwarzenegger at the Internet Movie Database External links This article's use of external links may not follow Wikipedia's policies or guidelines. Please improve this article by removing excessive and inappropriate external links. (January 2011) Find more about Arnold Schwarzenegger on Wikipedia's sister projects: Images and media from Commons News stories from Wikinews Quotations from Wikiquote Source texts from Wikisource California portal Biography portal Arnold Schwarzenegger official constituency site Biography at the National Governors Association Biography, interest group ratings, public statements, vetoes and campaign finances at Project Vote Smart Biography at WhoRunsGov.com at The Washington Post Appearances on C-SPAN programs Issue positions and quotes at On The Issues Campaign contributions at FollowTheMoney.org Collected news and commentary at The New York Times Complete text, audio, video of Governor Schwarzenegger's 2004 Republican National Convention Address AmericanRhetoric.com Complete text and audio of Governor Schwarzenegger's Speech to the United Nations on Global Climate Change AmericanRhetoric.com, September 24, 2007 Archive of Correspondence pertaining to Governor Schwarzenegger and same-sex marriage AB 43 Project Business Arnold Schwarzenegger's Official Website Works by or about Arnold Schwarzenegger in libraries (WorldCat catalog) Arnold Schwarzenegger at the Open Directory Project Party political offices Preceded by Bill Simon Republican nominee for Governor of California 2003, 2006 Succeeded by Meg Whitman Political offices Preceded by Gray Davis Governor of California 2003–2011 Succeeded by Jerry Brown v · d · eGovernors of California Pre-statehood de Portolà · Fages · Rivera · de Neve · Fages · Roméu · Arrillaga · Borica · Alberní · Arrillaga · J. 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Mary Augusta Hickey parents of Joseph P. Kennedy, Sr. Rose Elizabeth Fitzgerald (1890–1995) Philip and Mary Cox • Thomas Fitzgerald and Rosanna Cox • Michael Hannon and Mary Ann Fitzgerald • John Francis "Honey Fitz" Fitzgerald (m.) Mary Josephine Hannon parents of Rose Fitzgerald Kennedy Children of Joseph P. Kennedy, Sr. Rose Fitzgerald Kennedy (in birth order) Joseph Patrick Kennedy, Jr. • John Fitzgerald Kennedy (m.) Jacqueline Lee Bouvier • Rose Marie "Rosemary" Kennedy • Kathleen Agnes Kennedy (m.) William John Robert Cavendish, Marquess of Hartington • Eunice Mary Kennedy (m.) Robert Sargent Shriver, Jr. • Patricia Kennedy (m./div.) Peter Lawford • Robert Francis Kennedy (m.) Ethel Skakel • Jean Ann Kennedy (m.) Stephen Edward Smith • Edward Moore Kennedy (m./div. 1st) Virginia Joan Bennett; (m. 2nd) Victoria Anne Reggie Descendants (in birth order) Joseph Patrick Kennedy, Jr. (1915–1944) None John Fitzgerald Kennedy (1917–1963) Arabella Kennedy • Caroline Bouvier Kennedy (m.) Edwin Arthur Schlossberg • John Fitzgerald Kennedy, Jr. (m.) Carolyn Jeanne Bessette • Patrick Bouvier Kennedy Rose Marie Kennedy (1918–2005) None Kathleen Cavendish, Marchioness of Hartington (1920–1948) None Eunice Kennedy Shriver (1921–2009) Robert Sargent Shriver III (m.) Malissa Feruzzi • Maria Owings Shriver (m.) Arnold Alois Schwarzenegger • Timothy Perry Shriver (m.) Linda Potter • Mark Kennedy Shriver (m.) Jeannie Eileen Ripp • Anthony Paul Kennedy Shriver (m.) Alina Mojica Patricia Kennedy Lawford (1924–2006) Christopher Kennedy Lawford • Sydney Maleia Kennedy Lawford • Victoria Francis Lawford • Robin Elizabeth Lawford Robert Francis Kennedy (1925–1968) Kathleen Hartington Kennedy (m.) David Lee Townsend • Joseph Patrick Kennedy II (m./div. 1st) Sheila Brewster Rauch; (m. 2nd) Anne Elizabeth "Beth" Kelly • Robert Francis Kennedy, Jr. (m./div. 1st) Emily Ruth Black (m. 2nd) Mary Richardson • David Anthony Kennedy • Mary Courtney Kennedy (m/div. 1st) Jeffrey Robert Ruhe; (m./sep. 2nd) Paul Michael Hill • Michael LeMoyne Kennedy (m.) Victoria Denise Gifford • Mary Kerry Kennedy (m./div.) Andrew Mark Cuomo • Christopher George Kennedy (m.) Sheila Sinclair Berner • Matthew Maxwell Taylor Kennedy (m.) Victoria Anne Strauss • Douglas Harriman Kennedy (m.) Molly Elizabeth Stark • Rory Elizabeth Katherine Kennedy (m.) Mark Bailey Jean Kennedy Smith (born 1928) Stephen Edward Smith, Jr. • William Kennedy Smith • Amanda Mary Smith • Kym Maria Smith Edward Moore Kennedy (1932–2009) Kara Anne Kennedy (m.) Michael Allen • Edward Moore Kennedy, Jr. (m.) Katherine Anne "Kiki" Gershman • Patrick Joseph Kennedy m. = married; div. = divorced; sep. = separated. See also: Kennedy Curse, Kennedy Compound, Hickory Hill (McLean, Virginia), Merchandise Mart, List of descendants of Joseph P. and Rose Fitzgerald Kennedy, and Kennedy family political line Persondata Name Schwarzenegger, Arnold Alternative names Schwarzenegger, Arnold Alois Short description Bodybuilder, actor, California politician Date of birth July 30, 1947 Place of birth Thal, Austria Date of death Place of death