This article is about the year 1979. For the Smashing Pumpkins song, see 1979 (song). Millennium: 2nd millennium Centuries: 19th century – 20th century – 21st century Decades: 1940s  1950s  1960s  – 1970s –  1980s  1990s  2000s Years: 1976 1977 1978 – 1979 – 1980 1981 1982 1979 by topic: Subject Archaeology – Architecture – Art – Aviation – Awards – Comics – Film – Home video – Literature (Poetry) – Meteorology – Music (Country, Metal) – Rail transport – Radio – Science – Spaceflight – Sports – Television – Video gaming By country Australia – Canada – People's Republic of China – Ecuador – France – Germany – Greece – India – Ireland – Israel – Italy – Japan – Luxembourg – Malaysia – Mexico – New Zealand – Norway – Pakistan – Philippines – Singapore – South Africa– Soviet Union – UK – USA Leaders Sovereign states – State leaders – Religious leaders – Law Birth and death categories Births – Deaths Establishments and disestablishments categories Establishments – Disestablishments Works and introductions categories Works – Introductions v · d · e 1979 in other calendars Gregorian calendar 1979 MCMLXXIX Ab urbe condita 2732 Armenian calendar 1428 ԹՎ ՌՆԻԸ Bahá'í calendar 135 – 136 Bengali calendar 1386 Berber calendar 2929 Buddhist calendar 2523 Burmese calendar 1341 Byzantine calendar 7487 – 7488 Chinese calendar 戊午年十二月初三日 (4615/4675-12-3) — to — 己未年十一月十三日 (4616/4676-11-13) Coptic calendar 1695 – 1696 Ethiopian calendar 1971 – 1972 Hebrew calendar 5739 – 5740 Hindu calendars  - Bikram Samwat 2035 – 2036  - Shaka Samvat 1901 – 1902  - Kali Yuga 5080 – 5081 Holocene calendar 11979 Iranian calendar 1357 – 1358 Islamic calendar 1399 – 1400 Japanese calendar Shōwa 54 (昭和54年) Korean calendar 4312 Thai solar calendar 2522 Unix time 283996800 – 315532799 v · d · e Year 1979 (MCMLXXIX) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. Contents Events of 1979 Jan. · Feb. · March · April · May · June · July · Aug. · Sept. · Oct. · Nov. · Dec. · Undated · Ongoing Births Deaths Nobel Prizes See also · Notes · External links Events of 1979 January January 1 United Nations Secretary General Kurt Waldheim heralds the start of the International Year of the Child. Many musicians donate to the Music for UNICEF Concert fund including ABBA, who wrote the song Chiquitita, to commemorate the event. The United States and the People's Republic of China establish full diplomatic relations. January 4 – The State of Ohio agrees to pay $675,000 to families of the dead and injured in the Kent State shootings. January 7 – Vietnam and Vietnam-backed Cambodian insurgents announce the fall of Phnom Penh, Cambodia, and the collapse of the Pol Pot regime. Pol Pot and the Khmer Rouge retreat west to an area along the Thai border. January 8 – The French tanker Betelgeuse explodes at the Gulf Oil terminal at Bantry, Ireland; 50 are killed. January 9 – The Music for UNICEF Concert is held at the United Nations General Assembly to raise money for UNICEF and promote the Year of the Child. It is broadcast the following day in the United States and around the world. Hosted by The Bee Gees, other performers include Donna Summer, ABBA, Rod Stewart and Earth, Wind & Fire. A soundtrack album is later released. January 16 – Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi of Iran flees Iran with his family, relocating to Egypt after a year of turmoil. January 19 – Former U.S. Attorney General John N. Mitchell is released on parole after 19 months at a federal prison in Alabama. January 21 – Super Bowl XIII: The Pittsburgh Steelers defeat the Dallas Cowboys 35–31 at the Miami Orange Bowl in Miami, Florida. January 29 – Brenda Ann Spencer opens fire at a school in San Diego, California, killing 2 faculty members and wounding 8 students. Her response to the action, "I don't like Mondays," inspired the Boomtown Rats to make a song of the same name. February February 1 Convicted bank robber Patty Hearst is released from prison after her sentence is commuted by U.S. President Jimmy Carter. Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini returns to Tehran, Iran after nearly 15 years of exile. February 3 – Khomeini creates the Council of the Islamic Revolution. February 7 Supporters of Khomeini take over the Iranian law enforcement, courts and government administration; the final session of the Iranian National Consultative Assembly is held. Pluto moves inside Neptune's orbit for the first time since either was known to science. February 10–February 11 – The Iranian army mutinies and joins the Islamic Revolution. February 11 – Khomeini seizes power in Iran, overthrowing Mohammad Rezā Shāh Pahlavi. February 12 – Prime Minister Hissène Habré starts the Battle of N'Djamena in an attempt to overthrow Chad's President Félix Malloum. February 13 – The intense February 13, 1979 Windstorm strikes western Washington and sinks a 1/2-mile-long section of the Hood Canal Bridge. February 14 In Kabul, Muslim extremists kidnap the American ambassador to Afghanistan, Adolph Dubs, who is later killed during a gunfight between his kidnappers and police. Following her 1972 sex reassignment surgery, musician Wendy Carlos legally changes her name from Walter. She later reveals this information in an interview in the May 1979 issue of Playboy Magazine. February 15 – A suspected gas explosion in a Warsaw bank kills 49. February 17 – The People's Republic of China invades northern Vietnam, launching the Sino-Vietnamese War. February 18 – The Sahara Desert experiences snow for 30 minutes. February 22 – Saint Lucia becomes independent of the United Kingdom. February 26 – A total solar eclipse arcs over northern Canada, and a partial solar eclipse is visible over almost all of North America and Central America. [2] February 27 – The annual Mardi Gras celebration in New Orleans, Louisiana is canceled due to a strike called by the New Orleans Police Department. March March 1 – Scotland votes narrowly for home rule, which is not implemented, and Wales votes against it. March 4 – The U.S. Voyager I spaceprobe photos reveal Jupiter's rings. March 5 – Voyager I makes its closest approach to Jupiter at 172,000 miles. March 7 – The largest Magnetar (Soft gamma repeater) event is recorded. March 8 – Philips demonstrates Compact Disc publicly for the first time. March 13 – Maurice Bishop leads a successful coup in Grenada. March 14 – In China, a Hawker Siddeley Trident crashes into a factory near Beijing, killing at least 200. March 17 – The Penmanshiel Tunnel in the U.K. collapses, killing 2 workers. March 18 – Ten miners die in a methane gas explosion at Golborne Colliery near Wigan, Lancashire.1 March 25 – The first fully functional space shuttle orbiter, Columbia, is delivered to the John F. Kennedy Space Center, to be prepared for its first launch. March 26 – In a ceremony at the White House, President Anwar Sadat of Egypt and Prime Minister Menachem Begin of Israel sign a peace treaty. March 28 – In Britain, Jim Callaghan's minority Labour government loses a motion of confidence by 1 vote, forcing a general election which is to be held on 3 May.2 March 29 America's most serious nuclear power plant accident, at Three Mile Island, Pennsylvania. Sultan Yahya Petra of Kelantan, the 6th Yang di-Pertuan Agong (Head of State) of Malaysia, dies in office. He is replaced by Sultan Ahmad Shah of Pahang. March 30 – Airey Neave, World War II veteran and Conservative Northern Ireland spokesman, is killed by an Irish National Liberation Army bomb in the British House of Commons car park. March 31 The last British soldier (belonging to the Royal Navy) leaves the Maltese Islands, after 179 years of presence. Malta declares its Freedom Day (Jum il-Helsien). Gali Atari and Milk and Honey win the Eurovision Song Contest 1979 for Israel, with the song Hallelujah. April April 1 Iran's government becomes an Islamic Republic by a 98% vote, overthrowing the Shah officially. The Pinwheel Network changes its name to Nickelodeon and begins airing on various Warner Cable systems beginning in Buffalo, New York, expanding its audience reach. April 1–April 18 – Police lock Andreas Mihavecz in a holding cell in Bregenz, Austria, and forget about, leaving him there without food or drink. April 2 – Sverdlovsk Anthrax leak: A Soviet biowarfare laboratory at Sverdlovsk accidentally releases airborne anthrax spores, killing 66 plus an unknown amount of livestock. April 10 – A tornado hits Wichita Falls, Texas, killing 42 people (the most notable of 26 tornadoes that day). April 11 – Tanzanian troops take Kampala, the capital of Uganda; Idi Amin flees. April 13 – The La Soufière volcano erupts in St. Vincent and the Grenadines. April 15 – 1979 Montenegro Earthquake: A major earthquake (7.0 on the Richter scale) strikes Montenegro (then part of Yugoslavia) and parts of Albania, causing extensive damage to coastal areas and taking 136 lives; the old town of Budva is devastated. April 17 – Schoolchildren in the Central African Republic are arrested (and around 100 killed) for protesting against compulsory school uniforms. An African judicial commission later determines that Emperor Jean-Bédel Bokassa "almost certainly" took part in the massacre. April 20 – President Jimmy Carter is attacked by a swamp rabbit while fishing in his hometown of Plains, Georgia. April 22 – The Albert Einstein Memorial is unveiled at The National Academy of Sciences in Washington, DC. April 23 – Fighting in London between the Anti-Nazi League and the Metropolitan Police's Special Patrol Group results in the death of protestor Blair Peach. May May 4: Thatcher May 1 – Greenland gets home rule. May 4 – Counting in the previous day's British general election shows that the Conservatives have won and Margaret Thatcher becomes the country's first female prime minister. May 8 – The Manchester, England Woolworth's in city centre is seriously damaged by fire; 10 shoppers die. May 9 – A Unabomber bomb injures Northwestern University graduate student John Harris. May 10 – The Federated States of Micronesia becomes self-governing. May 21 Dan White receives a light sentence for killing San Francisco Mayor George Moscone and Supervisor Harvey Milk, gay men in the city riot. The Montréal Canadiens defeat the New York Rangers 4 games to 1 in the best-of-seven series, winning the Stanley Cup. May 25 American Airlines Flight 191: In Chicago, a DC-10 crashes during takeoff at O'Hare International Airport, killing 271 on board and 2 people on the ground. John Spenkelink is executed in Florida, in the first use of the electric chair in America after the reintroduction of death penalty in 1976. May 27 – Indianapolis 500: Rick Mears wins the race for the first time, and car owner Roger Penske for the second time. June June 1 The Vizianagaram district is formed in Andhra Pradesh, India. The first black-led government of Rhodesia in 90 years takes power, in succession to Ian Smith and under his power-sharing deal. The Seattle SuperSonics win the NBA Championship against the Washington Bullets. June 2 – Pope John Paul II arrives in his native Poland on his first official, nine-day stay, becoming the first Pope to visit a Communist country. This visit, known as nine days that changed the world, brought about the solidarity of the Polish peoples against communism, ultimately leading to the rise of the Solidarity movement. June 3 A blowout at the Ixtoc I oil well in the southern Gulf of Mexico causes at least 600,000 tons (176,400,000 gallons) of oil to be spilled into the waters, the worst oil spill to date. Some estimate the spill to be 428 million gallons, making it the largest unintentional oil spill until it was surpassed by the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill in 2010. General elections are held in Italy. June 4 Joe Clark becomes Canada's 16th and youngest Prime Minister. Flight Lieutenant Jerry Rawlings takes power in Ghana after a military coup in which General Fred Akuffo is overthrown. June 7 – The first direct elections to the European Parliament begin, allowing citizens from across all then-9 European Community member states to elect 410 MEPs. It is also the first international election in history. June 12 – Bryan Allen flies the man-powered Gossamer Albatross across the English Channel. June 18 – Jimmy Carter and Leonid Brezhnev sign the SALT II agreement in Vienna. June 20 – A Nicaraguan National Guard soldier kills ABC TV news correspondent Bill Stewart and his interpreter Juan Espinosa. Other members of the news crew capture the killing on tape. June 23 – Sydney: New South Wales Premier Neville Wran officially opens the Eastern Suburbs Railway. It operates as a shuttle between Central & Bondi Junction until full integration with the Illawarra Line in 1980. June 24 – Bologna (Italy): foundation of the Permanent Peoples' Tribunal, an international opinion tribunal, at the initiative of Senator Lelio Basso. June 25 – Belgium: NATO Supreme Allied Commander Alexander Haig escapes an assassination attempt by the Baader-Meinhof terrorist organization. July July 1 – Sweden outlaws corporal punishment in the home. July 3 – U.S. President Jimmy Carter signs the first directive for secret aid to the opponents of the pro-Soviet regime in Kabul. July 8 – Los Angeles passes its gay and lesbian civil rights bill. July 9 – A car bomb destroys a Renault owned by Nazi hunters Serge and Beate Klarsfeld at their home in France. A note purportedly from ODESSA claims responsibility. July 11 – NASA's first orbiting space station Skylab begins its return to Earth, after being in orbit for 6 years and 2 months. July 12 Kiribati declares independence from the United Kingdom. A Disco Demolition Night publicity stunt goes awry at Comiskey Park, forcing the Chicago White Sox to forfeit their game against the Detroit Tigers. Carmine Galante, boss of the Bonanno crime family, is assassinated. A fire at a hotel in Saragossa, Spain leaves 72 dead. Worst hotel fire in Europe in decades. July 16 – Iraqi President Hasan al-Bakr resigns and Vice President Saddam Hussein replaces him. July 17 – Nicaraguan dictator General Anastasio Somoza Debayle resigns and flees to Miami, Florida. July 19 Maritza Sayalero of Venezuela wins the Miss Universe Pageant; the stage collapses after contestants and news photographers rush to her throne. The Sandinista National Liberation Front concludes a successful revolutionary campaign against the U.S. backed Somoza dictatorship and assumes power in Nicaragua. Maria de Lurdes Pintasilgo becomes prime minister of Portugal August August 3 – Dictator Francisco Macías Nguema of Equatorial Guinea is overthrown in a in a bloody coup d'état lead by Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo. August 4 – Opening game of the American Football Bundesliga played between Frankfurter Löwen and Düsseldorf Panther, first-ever league game of American football in Germany.3 August 5 – The Polisario Front signs a peace treaty with Mauritania. August 9 The first British nudist beach is established in Brighton. Raymond Washington, co-founder of the Crips, today one of the largest, most notorious gangs in the United States, is shot and killed 5 months after his arrest for quadruple murder (his killers have not yet been identified). August 10 – Michael Jackson releases his first breakthrough album Off the Wall. It sells 7 million copies in the United States alone, making it a 7x platinum album. August 11 – The Mauritanian province of Tiris al-Gharbiyya in Western Sahara is annexed by Morocco. August 14 – A freak storm during the Fastnet Race results in the death of 15 sailors. August 27 – Lord Mountbatten of Burma and 3 others are assassinated by the Provisional Irish Republican Army. He was a British admiral, statesman and an uncle of Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh. On the same day, the Warrenpoint ambush occurs: Provisional Irish Republican Army members attack a British convoy at Narrow Water, County Down, killing 18 British soldiers. August 28 – The death toll of the previous day's IRA bombing reaches 5 when Doreen Knatchbull, Baroness Brabourne, 83, dies in a hospital as a result of her injuries. August 29 – A national referendum is held in which Somali voters approve a new liberal constitution, promulgated by President Siad Barre to placate the United States. September September 1 – The U.S. Pioneer 11 becomes the first spacecraft to visit Saturn, when it passes the planet at a distance of 21,000 km. September 7 – The Entertainment Sports Programming Network, known as ESPN, debuts. September 9 – The long-running comic strip For Better or For Worse begins its run. September 12 – Hurricane Frederic makes landfall at 10:00 p.m. on Alabama's Gulf Coast. September 16 – Two families flee from East Germany by balloon. September 20 – French paratroopers help David Dacko to overthrow Bokassa in the Central African Republic. September 22 – The South Atlantic Flash is observed near Bouvet Island, thought to be a nuclear weapons test. September 30 – The Hong Kong MTR begins service with the opening of its Modified Initial System (aka Kwun Tong Line). October October 1 – Nigeria terminates military rule, and the Nigerian Second Republic is established. October 1–October 6 – Pope John Paul II visits the United States. October 6 – Federal Reserve System changes from an interest rate target policy to a money supply target policy, causing interest rate fluctuations and economic recession. October 9 – Peter Brock wins the Bathurst 1000 by a record 6 laps, with a lap record on the last lap. October 14 – A major gay rights march in the United States takes place in Washington, D.C., involving many tens of thousands of people. October 15 – Black Monday events, in which members of a political group sack a newspaper office, unfold in Malta. October 16 – A tsunami in Nice, France kills 23 people. October 17 – The Pittsburgh Pirates defeat the Baltimore Orioles in Game 7 of the World Series. Willie Stargell is named the Series MVP. October 19 – 13 Marines die in a fire at Camp Fuji, Japan as a result of Typhoon Tip.4 October 26 – Park Chung-hee, the President of South Korea, is assassinated by KCIA director Kim Jaegyu. October 27 – Saint Vincent and the Grenadines gains independence. November November 1 – Iran hostage crisis: Iranian Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini urges his people to demonstrate on November 4 and to expand attacks on United States and Israeli interests. November 2 French police shoot gangster Jacques Mesrine in Paris. Assata Shakur (née Joanne Chesimard), a former member of Black Panther Party and Black Liberation Army, escapes from a New York prison to Cuba, where she remains under political asylum. November 3 – In Greensboro, North Carolina, 5 members of the Communist Workers Party are shot to death and 7 are wounded by a group of Klansmen and neo-Nazis, during a "Death to the Klan" rally. November 4 – Iran hostage crisis begins: 3,000 Iranian radicals, mostly students, invade the U.S. Embassy in Tehran and take 90 hostages (53 of whom are American). They demand that the United States send the former Shah of Iran back to stand trial. November 5 – The radio news program Morning Edition premieres on National Public Radio. November 6 – At Montevideo, Uruguay, the International Olympic Committee adopts a resolution, whereby Taiwan Olympic and sports teams will participate with the name Chinese Taipei in future Olympics Games and international sports tournaments and championships. November 7 – U.S. Senator Edward Moore Kennedy announces that he will challenge President Jimmy Carter for the 1980 Democratic presidential nomination. November 9 The Carl Bridgewater murder trial ends with all 4 men found guilty. James Robinson, 45, and 25-year-old Vincent Hickey are sentenced to life imprisonment with a recommended 25-year minimum for murder. 18-year-old Michael Hickey is also found guilty of murder and sentenced to indefinite detention. Patrick Molloy, 53, is found guilty on a lesser charge of manslaughter and sentenced to 12 years in prison.5 Nuclear false alarm: the NORAD computers and the Alternate National Military Command Center in Fort Ritchie, Maryland detected purported massive Soviet nuclear strike. After reviewing the raw data from satellites and checking the early warning radars, the alert was cancelled.6 November 12 Iran hostage crisis: In response to the hostage situation in Tehran, U.S. President Jimmy Carter orders a halt to all oil imports into the United States from Iran. Süleyman Demirel, of AP forms the new government of Turkey (43rd government, a minority government) November 14 – Iran hostage crisis: U.S. President Jimmy Carter issues Executive Order 12170, freezing all Iranian assets in the United States and U.S. banks in response to the hostage crisis. November 16 – Bucharest Metro Line One is opened, in Bucharest, Romania (from Timpuri Noi to Semanatoarea stations, 8.63 km). November 17 – Iran hostage crisis: Iranian leader Ruhollah Khomeini orders the release of 13 female and African American hostages being held at the U.S. Embassy in Tehran. November 20 – A group of 200 Juhayman al-Otaibi militants occupy Mecca's Grand Mosque. They are driven out by French commandos (allowed into the city under these special circumstances despite their being non-Muslims) after bloody fighting that leaves 250 people dead and 600 wounded. November 21 – After false radio reports from the Ayatollah Khomeini that the Americans had occupied the Grand Mosque in Mecca, the United States Embassy in Islamabad, Pakistan is attacked by a mob and set afire, killing 4 (see Foreign relations of Pakistan). November 23 – In Dublin, Ireland, Provisional Irish Republican Army member Thomas McMahon is sentenced to life in prison for the assassination of Lord Mountbatten of Burma. November 28 – Air New Zealand Flight 901: an Air New Zealand DC-10 crashes into Mount Erebus (in Antarctica) on a sightseeing trip, killing all 257 people on board. December December 3 Eleven fans are killed during a stampede for seats before The Who concert at the Riverfront Coliseum in Cincinnati, Ohio. The United States dollar exchange rate with the Deutsche Mark falls to 1.7079 DM, the all-time low so far; this record is not broken until November 5, 1987. December 4 – The Hastie fire in Kingston upon Hull, England, leads to the deaths of 3 boys and begins the hunt for Bruce George Peter Lee, the UK's most prolific killer. December 5 – Jack Lynch resigns as Taoiseach of the Republic of Ireland; he is succeeded by Charles Haughey. December 6 – The world premiere for Star Trek: The Motion Picture is held at the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, D.C. December 9 – The eradication of the smallpox virus is certified, making smallpox the first and to date only human disease driven to extinction. December 12 A major earthquake and tsunami kills 259 people in Colombia. Coup d'état of December Twelfth: South Korean Army Major General Chun Doo-hwan orders the arrest of Army Chief of Staff General Jeong Seung-hwa without authorization from President Choi Kyu-ha, alleging involvement in the assassination of ex-President Park Chung Hee. The unrecognised state of Zimbabwe Rhodesia returns to British control and resumes using the name Southern Rhodesia. December 21 – A ceasefire for Rhodesia is signed at London. December 23 – The highest aerial tramway in Europe, the Klein Matterhorn, opens. December 24 The Soviet Union invades Afghanistan. The first European Ariane rocket is launched. December 26 – In Rhodesia, 96 Patriotic Front guerrillas enter the capital Salisbury to monitor a ceasefire that begins December 28. December 27 – The Soviet Union seizes control of Afghanistan, and Babrak Karmal replaces overthrown and executed President Hafizullah Amin. Undated The One Child Policy is implemented in China in this year. (between 1979 and 2010 it has prevented about 400 million births) VisiCalc becomes the first commercial spreadsheet program. The first usenet experiments are conducted by Tom Truscott and Jim Ellis of Duke University. Sony Walkman first marketed. Worldwide per capita oil production reaches an historic peak. McDonald's introduces the Happy Meal in June. Lego's golden age begins. Chrysler receives government loan guarantees upon the request of CEO Lee Iacocca. Ongoing 1979 energy crisis Cold War One Child Policy In fiction The Final Episode of the '70s-based Comedy, That '70s Show takes place on December 31, 1979. Paul Erdman's The Crash of '79 takes place in 1979 Births January–February January 1 Brody Dalle, Australian singer Koichi Domoto, Japanese entertainer (KinKi Kids) January 2 Morena Baccarin, Italo-Brazilian actress Erica Hubbard, American actress January 3 – Francesco Bellissimo, Italian Chef January 4 – Charity Rahmer, American actress January 6 – Bernice Liu, Hong Kong actress January 7 – Bipasha Basu, Indian actress and model January 8 – Stipe Pletikosa, Croatian football goalkeeper January 9 – Jake Shields, UFC fighter,Strikeforce Middleweight champion,Shooto Middleweight champion & Elite XC Welterweight Champion January 10 Chris Smith, American rapper (Kris Kross) James Lloyd, British actor January 11 – Siti Nurhaliza, Malaysian singer January 12 Marián Hossa, Slovak ice hockey player Lee Bo-young, South Korean actress and model Grzegorz Rasiak, Polish footballer January 14 – Julius Kay, Ugandan Radio Presenter and Journalist January 15 – Drew Brees, American football player January 16 – Aaliyah, American R&B singer/actress (d. 2001) January 17 – Sharon Chan, Hong Kong actress January 18 Jay Chou, Taiwanese singer, song producer and actor Paulo Ferreira, Portuguese footballer January 20 – Asaka Kubo, Japanese gravure idol January 21 – Brian O'Driscoll, Irish rugby union player January 23 – Larry Hughes, American basketball player January 24 – Tatyana Ali, American actress January 27 – Daniel Vettori, New Zealand cricketer January 27 – Rosamund Pike, British actress January 29 – BJ Flores, American boxer January 31 – Jenny Wolf, German speed skater February 1 – Julie Augustyniak, American footballer February 2 Yuichi Tsuchiya, Japanese actor Fani Halkia, Greek athlete February 8 – Martin Rowlands, Irish footballer February 9 Zhang Ziyi, Chinese actress and model Irina Slutskaya, Russian figure skater February 11 – Brandy Norwood, American singer and actress February 12 Richard Barnwell, English footballer Antonio Chatman, American football player Jesse Spencer, Australian actor February 13 Rafael Márquez, Mexican footballer Mena Suvari, American actress February 15 – Gordon Shedden, Scottish race car driver February 16 – Valentino Rossi, Italian motorcycle racer February 18 – Tyrone Burton, American actor February 19 – Mariana Ochoa, Mexican singer and actress February 21 Carly Colón, Puerto Rican professional wrestler Christopher Hayes, American Journalist Jennifer Love Hewitt, American actress and singer February 22 – Patrick Merrill, Canadian lacrosse player February 25 – László Bodnár‎, Hungarian footballer February 28 – Sébastien Bourdais, French racing driver March–April March 4 Ben Fouhy, New Zealand flatwater canoeist Geoff Huegill, Australian swimmer John Lawler (John Fratelli), Scottish singer (The Fratellis) March 5 – Tang Gonghong, Chinese weightlifter March 6 – Érik Bédard, Canadian pitcher March 8 – Tom Chaplin, British singer (Keane) March 9 – Melina Perez, American professional wrestler March 11 – Benji Madden and Joel Madden, American musicians (Good Charlotte) March 12 – Pete Doherty, British singer and guitarist (The Libertines, Babyshambles) March 14 Nicolas Anelka, French footballer Gao Ling, Chinese badminton player March 15 – Kevin Youkilis, American baseball player March 17 – Samoa Joe, American wrestler March 18 – Adam Levine, American singer (Maroon 5) March 19 – Hidayet Turkoglu, Turkish basketball player March 20 Freema Agyeman, British actress Molly Jenson, American musician March 23 – Bryan Fletcher, American football player March 25 Lee Pace, American actor Natasha Yi, Korean-American actress and model Traxamillion, American producer rapper / Gorilla Zoe, American rapper March 29 – Estela Giménez, Spanish gymnast March 30 – Norah Jones, American musician April 3 Grégoire, French singer-songwriter Zivile Balciunaite, Lithanian long-distance runner April 4 – Heath Ledger, Australian actor (d. 2008) April 8 – Alexi Laiho, Finnish rock guitarist (Children of Bodom) April 9 Keshia Knight Pulliam, American actress Mario Matt, Austrian alpine skier April 10 Rachel Corrie, American activist (d. 2003) Tsuyoshi Domoto, Japanese entertainer (KinKi Kids) Sophie Ellis-Bextor, British singer Dre, American producer April 11 Michel Riesen, Swiss ice hockey player Sebastien Grainger, Canadian singer and musician April 12 Claire Danes, American actress Jennifer Morrison, American actress April 13 – Baron Davis, American basketball player April 14 Pierre Roland, Indonesian actor Rebecca DiPietro, American model April 16 – Christijan Albers, Dutch racing driver April 17 – Sung Si Kyung, South Korean pop/ballad singer April 18 Michael Bradley, American basketball player Yusuke Kamiji, Japanese actor Anthony Davidson, English racing driver April 19 Kate Hudson, American actress Antoaneta Stefanova, Bulgarian chess player April 21 – James McAvoy, Scottish actor April 22 – Daniel Johns, Australian musician (Silverchair) April 23 Lauri Ylönen, Finnish singer (The Rasmus) Jaime King, American actress Yana Gupta, Indian actress of Czech origin April 24 – Laurentia Tan, Singaporean Paralympic equestrienne April 25 – Andreas Kuettel, Swiss ski jumper April 26 – Janne Wirman, Finnish keyboardist (Children of Bodom) April 27 – Travis Meeks, American musician (Days of the New) April 28 – Bahram Radan, Iranian actor May–June May 1 – Mauro Bergamasco, Italian rugby union player May 2 – Jason Chimera, Canadian ice hockey player May 4 Wes Butters, English broadcaster Lance Bass, American singer May 6 Kerry Ellis, English stage actress / singer Gerd Kanter, Estonian discus thrower May 9 Rosario Dawson, American actress Pierre Bouvier, Canadian musician May 10 – Lee Hyori, South Korean entertainer May 11 – Jason Greer, South African TV Presenter May 12 – Adrian Serioux, Canadian soccer player May 13 – Carl Philip, Prince of Sweden May 14 – Urijah Faber,WEC Featherweight Champion May 16 – Jessica Morris, American actress May 18 – Mariusz Lewandowski, Polish footballer May 19 Andrea Pirlo, Italian footballer Diego Forlan, Urguayan football player May 22 – Maggie Q, American actress May 23 – Matt Flynn (musician), drummer for the alternative band, Maroon 5 May 24 Frank Mir, American mixed martial artist Tracy McGrady, American basketball player May 25 – Jonny Wilkinson, English rugby union player May 26 – Ashley Massaro, American wrestler and model May 28 – Jesse Bradford, American actor May 29 – Brian Kendrick, American wrestler May 30 – Mike Bishai, Canadian ice hockey player June 5 – Pete Wentz, American musician and lyricist June 8 – Pete Orr, Canadian baseball player June 9 – Émilie Loit, French tennis player June 12 Dallas Clark, American football player Jodie Prenger, British actress Robyn, Swedish singer-songwriter Diego Milito, Argentine football player June 13 – Nila Håkedal, Norwegian beach volleyball player June 14 – Paradorn Srichaphan, Thai tennis player June 15 – Yulia Nestsiarenka, Belarusian athlete June 16 – Ari Hest, American singer-songwriter June 18 Ivana Wong, Hong Kong singer-songwriter Chris Neil, Canadian ice hockey player Yumiko Kobayashi, Japanese seiyu (voice actress) June 19 John Duddy, Irish boxer Kate Tsui, Hong Kong actress June 22 – Sandra Klösel, German tennis player June 23 – LaDainian Tomlinson, American football player June 24 Craig Shergold, British cancer patient Petra Nemcova, Czech model June 26 – Ryan Tedder, American singer (OneRepublic) June 28 – Randy McMichael, American football player June 29 – Marleen Veldhuis, Dutch swimmer June 30 Rick Gonzalez, American actor Faisal Shahzad, Pakistani-American bomber July–August July 1 – Forrest Griffin, American mixed martial arts fighter July 2 Diana Gurtskaya, Georgian singer Ayiesha Woods, American singer July 3 Sayuri Katayama, Japanese actress, singer and lyricist Ludivine Sagnier, French model and actress July 5 Amélie Mauresmo, French tennis player Shane Filan, Irish singer (Westlife) July 7 – Gucci Mane, American rapper July 9 – Ella Koon, Hong Kong actress July 14 – Axel Teichmann, German cross-country skier July 15 – Travis Fimmel, Australian fashion model and actor July 16 – Kinya Kotani, Japanese singer July 17 – Mike Vogel, American Actor July 18 – Rick Baxter, American politician July 21 – David Carr, American football player July 24 Lee Si-yeon, South Korean actress Stat Quo, American rapper Rose Byrne, Australian actress July 26 Johnson Beharry, British recipient of the Victoria Cross Derek Paravicini, British pianist Tamyra Gray, American singer Peter Sarno, Canadian ice hockey player July 27 Jorge Arce, Mexican boxer Shannon Moore, American professional wrestler July 30 Graeme McDowell, Northern Irish professional golfer Show Luo, Taiwanese singer August 1 Honeysuckle Weeks, British actress Jason Momoa, American actor August 3 – Evangeline Lilly, Canadian actress August 5 – David Healy, Northern Irish footballer August 4 – Patryk Dominik Sztyber, Polish metal musician August 8 – Azumi Kawashima, Japanese idol and AV idol August 10 Joanna Garcia, American actress Ted Geoghegan, American screenwriter August 11 – Bubba Crosby, American baseball player August 12 – Cindy Klassen, Canadian speed skater August 13 – Taizō Sugimura, Japanese politician August 15 – Dan Marshall, Canadian hockey player August 16 – Sarah Balabagan, Filipina prisoner and singer August 19 – Oumar Kondé, Swiss footballer August 22 – Matt Walters, American football player August 24 – Elva Hsiao, Taiwanese singer August 26 Jamal Lewis, American football player Cristian Mora, Ecuadorian footballer August 27 Giovanni Capitello, American filmmaker/actor Tian Liang, Chinese diver August 28 Robert Hoyzer, German football referee Yuki Maeda, Japanese singer August 29 – Justine Pasek, Miss Universe 2002 August 30 Tavia Yeung, Hong Kong actress Niki Chow, Hong Kong actress August 31 Mickie James, American professional wrestler Yuvan Shankar Raja, Indian film composer Simon Neil, Scottish Musician (vocalist, guitarist, songwriter), Biffy Clyro Marmaduke Duke September–October September 1 – Neg Dupree, British comedian September 2 – Ron Ng, Hong Kong actor September 3 – Julio Cesar, Brazilian football goalkeeper September 4 – Maxim Afinogenov, Russian ice hockey player September 5 John Carew, Norwegian footballer Stacey Dales, Canadian basketball player and sportscaster September 6 – Ned Collette, Australian singer and musician September 8 – Pink, American singer, Chris Jarble Garble September 10 Andreas Aniko, Estonian footballer Mustis, Norwegian pianist September 12 – Jay McGraw, American author, son of TV psychologist Dr. Phil McGraw September 13 – Ivan Miljković, Serbian volleyball player September 14 Stuart Fielden, English rugby league player Kamya Panjabi, Indian television actress September 15 – Amy Davidson, American actress September 16 – Fanny, French singer September 17 – Akin Ayodele, American football player September 18 – Alison Lohman, American actress September 19 – Noémie Lenoir, French supermodel September 20 – David Long, New Zealand musician September 23 – Lote Tuqiri, Australian rugby union player September 24 Justin Bruening, American actor and model Erin Chambers, American actress September 25 – Rashad Evans a fighter in the MMA sport UFC September 26 – Naomichi Marufuji, Japanese professional wrestler September 27 – Shinji Ono, Japanese football player September 28 – Bam Margera, American skateboarder September 29 – Artika Sari Devi, Putri Indonesia 2004 September 30 – Vince Chong, Malaysian singer October 1 Rudi Johnson, American football player Marko Stanojevic, English-born Italian rugby union player October 3 John Hennigan, American professional wrestler Matt Davis (comedian), American stand-up comedian October 4 – Rachael Leigh Cook, American actress October 7 Tang Wei, Chinese actress Susan Eldridge, American supermodel October 9 Vernon Fox, American football player Brandon Routh, American actor October 10 Mýa, American singer and actress Wu Chun, Bruneian actor, model, and singer Nicolas Massu, Chilean tennis player October 11 – Gabe Saporta, Uruguayan singer (Cobra Starship) October 13 Ryan Malcolm, Canadian singer Mamadou Niang, Senegalese footballer October 16 – Erin Brown, American actress October 17 – Kimi Räikkönen, Finnish race car driver October 19 – Ne-Yo, American singer and songwriter October 20 Paul O'Connell, Irish rugby union player John Krasinski, American actor October 23 – Jorge Solis, Mexican professional boxer October 28 – Martin Skoula, Czech ice hockey player October 30 – Yukie Nakama, Japanese actress October 31 – Raj Kumar Ganta, evangelist and founder of APPLE Association November–December November 1 Coco Crisp, American baseball player Milan Dudić‎, Serbian footballer November 3 Tim McIlrath, American rock singer, songwriter (Rise Against) Pablo Aimar, Argentine footballer November 4 – Audrey Hollander, American pornographic actress November 6 Lamar Odom, American basketball player Myolie Wu, Hong Kong actress November 7 – Jon Peter Lewis, American singer and songwriter November 8 – Aaron Hughes, Northern Irish footballer November 9 – Dania Ramirez, Dominican-American actress November 12 Cote de Pablo, Chilean actress Matt Stevic, Australian rules football umpire November 13 – Ron Artest, American basketball player November 14 Mavie Hörbiger, German actress Olga Kurylenko, Ukrainian model and actress Mpule Kwelagobe, Miss Universe 1999 November 17 – Matthew Spring, English footballer November 19 – Larry Johnson (American football), American football player November 20 – Ericson Alexander Molano, Colombian gospel singer November 21 – Kim Dong Wan, South Korean singer and actor November 22 Mohammad Tanzeel-ul-siddiqi al-husaini, Pakistani author Chris Doran, Irish singer November 23 Ivica Kostelic, Croatian alpine skier Kelly Brook, English actress/model November 27 Ricky Carmichael, American motorcycle and stock car racer Hilary Hahn, American violinist November 28 Jamie Korab, Canadian curler Hakeem Seriki, American rapper (Chamillionaire) November 29 – Jayceon Taylor, American rapper (The Game) December 3 Rainbow Sun Francks, Canadian actor and singer Rock Cartwright, American football player Daniel Bedingfield, English pop singer and songwriter December 5 – Evonne Hsu, Taiwanese singer December 7 Ayako Fujitani, Japanese actress Sara Bareilles, American singer, songwriter and pianist December 8 – Raymond Lam, Hong Kong actor December 9 – Olivia Lufkin, English-Japanese singer, songwriter December 11 – Rider Strong, American Actor December 14 – Michael Owen, English footballer December 15 – Adam Brody, American actor December 16 Trevor Immelman, South African golfer Flo Rida, American rapper December 17 William Green, American football player Matt Murley, American hockey player December 18 – Amy Grabow, American actress December 19 Kevin Devine, American songwriter and musician Paola Rey, Colombian actress and model December 22 – Charles Gayton, American guitarist, singer, and songwriter December 23 Summer Altice, American model and actress Kenny Miller, Scottish football player December 26 Mzbel, Ghanaian singer Dimitry Vassiliev, Russian ski jumper Chris Daughtry, American singer and guitarist December 27 – Carson Palmer, American football player December 28 James Blake, American tennis pro Diego Luna, Mexican actor December 30 – Milana Terloeva, Chechen journalist and author December 31 Elaine Cassidy, Irish actress Bob Bryar, American drummer (My Chemical Romance) Deaths January–March January 3 – Conrad Hilton, American hotelier (b. 1887) January 4 – Vincent Korda, Hungarian art director (b. 1897) January 5 Charles Mingus, American musician (b. 1922) Billy Bletcher, American actor (b. 1894) January 8 – Sara Carter, American bluegrass and country singer (b. 1898) January 11 – Jack Soo, Japanese-American actor (b. 1917) January 13 – Donny Hathaway, African-American musician (Where Is The Love?) (b. 1945) January 16 Peter Butterworth, English actor (b.1919) Ted Cassidy, American actor (b. 1932) January 25 – Robertson Hare, English actor (b.1891) January 26 – Nelson Rockefeller, Governor of New York, Vice President of the United States (b. 1908) February 2 Sid Vicious, English musician (Sex Pistols) (drug overdose) (b. 1957) Issa Pliyev, Soviet general (b. 1903) February 3 – Aaron Douglas, American painter (b. 1899) February 7 – Josef Mengele, German Nazi war criminal (b. 1911) February 9 – Dennis Gabor, Hungarian physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1900) February 12 – Jean Renoir, French film director (b. 1894) February 14 – Reginald Maudling, British politician (b. 1917) February 15 – George Dunning, cartoon director and animator (b. 1920) February 17 – William Gargan, American actor (b. 1905) February 23 – W.A.C. Bennett, Canadian politician (b. 1900) March 1 Mustafa Barzani, Iraqi Kurdish politician (b. 1903) Dolores Costello, American actress (b. 1903) March 11 – Victor Kilian, American actor (b. 1891) March 15 – Léonide Massine, Russian dancer and choreographer (b. 1896) March 19 – Richard Beckinsale, British actor (b. 1947) March 22 – Ben Lyon, American actor (b. 1901) March 23 – Ted Anderson, English footballer (b. 1911) March 24 – Yvonne Mitchell, English actress (b. 1915) March 26 – Jean Stafford, American writer (b. 1915) March 28 – Emmett Kelly, American clown (b. 1898) March 29 – Sultan Yahya Petra ibni Almarhum Sultan Ibrahim Petra, King of Malaysia (b. 1917) March 30 Airey Neave, British politician (assassinated) (b. 1916) Jose Maria Velasco Ibarra, former President of Ecuador (b. 1893) April–June May 29: Mary Pickford June 11: John Wayne April 1 – Barbara Luddy, American actress (b. 1908) April 4 Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, President and Prime Minister of Pakistan (executed) (b. 1928) Edgar Buchanan, American actor (b. 1903) April 10 – Nino Rota, Italian composer (b. 1911) April 23 – Blair Peach, New Zealand-born anti-Nazi campaigner (killed by police) (b. 1946) April 24 – John Carroll, American actor (b. 1906) May 2 – Giulio Natta, Italian chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1903) May 6 – Milton Ager, American songwriter (b. 1893) May 11 Joan Chandler, American actress (b. 1923) Lester Flatt, American bluegrass and folk singer (b. 1914) Barbara Hutton, American socialite (b. 1912) May 16 Robert Florey, French screenwriter (b. 1900) A. Philip Randolph, African-American civil rights leader (b. 1889) May 22 – Kurt Jooss, German dancer and choreographer (b. 1901) May 26 – George Brent, Irish actor (b. 1899) May 29 – Mary Pickford, Canadian actress and studio founder (b. 1892) June 1 Werner Forssmann, German physician, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1904) Ján Kadár, Czechslovakian film director (b. 1918) Jack Mulhall, American actor (b. 1887) June 2 – Jim Hutton, American actor (b. 1934) June 4 – Lazar Lagin, Soviet satirical and children's writer (b.1903) June 6 – Jack Haley, American actor (b. 1898) June 11 – John Wayne, American actor (The Searchers, True Grit) (b. 1907) June 13 – Darla Hood, American actress (b. 1930) June 14 – Ahmad Zahir, Afghan singer and composer (b. 1946) June 16 – Nicholas Ray, American film director (b. 1911) June 17 – Duffy Lewis, American baseball player (b. 1888) June 19 – Paul Popenoe, American eugenicist (b. 1888) June 21 – Angus MacLise, American rock percussionist (Velvet Underground) (b. 1938) June 22 – Louis Chiron, Monacan Grand Prix driver (b. 1899) June 25 – Dave Fleischer, American animator (b. 1894) June 29 – Lowell George, American rock musician (Little Feat) (b. 1945) July–September July 3 – Louis Durey, French composer (b. 1888) July 8 Sin-Itiro Tomonaga, Japanese physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1906) Michael Wilding, English actor (b. 1912) Robert B. Woodward, American chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1917) July 10 – Arthur Fiedler, American conductor (Boston Pops) (b. 1894) July 12 – Minnie Riperton, American R&B singer (Lovin' You) (b. 1947) July 13 Corinne Griffith, American actress (b. 1894) Ludwig Merwart, Austrian painter and graphic artist (1913) July 15 – Gustavo Díaz Ordaz, Mexican President (b. 1911) July 16 – Alfred Deller, English countertenor (b. 1912) July 22 – Sándor Kocsis, Hungarian footballer (b. 1929) July 28 – George Seaton, American screenwriter and director (b. 1911) July 29 – Bill Todman, American game show producer (b. 1916) August 2 Victor Raúl Haya de la Torre, Peruvian politician, founder of the APRA Party (b. 1895) Thurman Munson, American baseball player (b. 1947) August 3 – Bertil Ohlin, Swedish economist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1899) August 6 – Feodor Felix Konrad Lynen, German biochemist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1911) August 9 – Walter O'Malley, American baseball executive (b. 1903) August 10 – Dick Foran, American actor (b. 1910) August 12 – Ernst Boris Chain, German-born biochemist, recipient of the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine (b. 1906) August 16 – John Diefenbaker, Canadian Prime Minister (b. 1895) August 17 – Vivian Vance, American actress (b. 1909) August 19 Mary Millington, British porn star (b. 1945) Joel Teitelbaum, Hungarian Rebbe (b. 1887) August 20 – Christian Dotremont, Belgian painter and writer (b. 1922) August 22 – James T. Farrell, American novelist (b. 1904) August 24 – Hanna Reitsch, German aviator (b. 1912) August 25 – Stan Kenton, American jazz pianist (b. 1911) August 26 – Alvin Karpis, last of America's depression era criminals. (b. 1907) August 27 – Louis Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma, British Viceroy of India (assassinated) (b. 1900) August 31 – Sally Rand, American dancer (b. 1904) September 1 – Doris Kenyon, American actress (b. 1897) September 2 – Felix Aylmer, British actor (b. 1889) September 4 – Canuplin, Filipino magician and bodabil entertainer (b. 1904) September 5 – Alberto di Jorio, Italian Roman Catholic cardinal (b. 1884) September 6 – Guy Bolton, British playwright (b. 1884) September 8 – Jean Seberg, American actress (b. 1938) September 9 – Norrie Paramor, British music producer (b. 1914) September 10 – Agostinho Neto, Angolan nationalist (b. 1922) September 14 – Nur Muhammad Taraki, President of Afghanistan (b. 1917) September 20 Sultan Ismail Nasiruddin Shah, King of Malaysia (b. 1907) Ludvík Svoboda, president of Czechoslovakia (b. 1895) September 22 – Abul Ala Maududi, Pakistani journalist and philosopher (b. 1903) September 24 – Carl Laemmle, Jr., American film studio executive (b. 1908) September 26 John Cromwell, American film director and actor (b. 1887) Arthur Hunnicutt, American actor (b. 1911) September 27 Gracie Fields, British actress (b. 1898) Jimmy McCulloch, Scottish Guitarist (Paul McCartney & Wings) (b. 1953) September 28 – John Herbert Chapman, Canadian physicist (b. 1921) September 29 – Francisco Macías Nguema, first president of Equatorial Guinea (executed) (b. 1924) October–December October 1 Dorothy Arzner, American film director (b. 1897) Roy Harris, American composer (b. 1898) October 3 – Claudia Jennings, American model (b. 1949) October 6 – Elizabeth Bishop, American poet (b. 1911) October 10 – Dr Christopher Evans, British psychologist and computer scientist (b. 1931) October 12 – Katharine Blodgett, American Scientist and inventor (b. 1898) October 13 Rebecca Helferich Clarke, English composer and violist (b. 1886) Clarence Muse, American actor (b. 1889) Archibald Roosevelt, American conservative political activist, son of President Theodore Roosevelt (b. 1894) October 16 – Johan Borgen, Norwegian author (b. 1903) October 17 – S.J. Perelman, American humorist (b. 1904) October 22 – Nadia Boulanger, French composer and composition teacher (b. 1887) October 26 – Park Chung-Hee, President of South Korea (b. 1917) October 30 Barnes Wallis, British aeronautical engineer (b. 1887) Donna Rachele Mussolini, Italian, wife of Benito Mussolini (b. 1890) November 1 – Mamie Eisenhower, First Lady of the United States (b. 1896) November 5 – Al Capp, American cartoonist (b. 1909) November 6 – Chick Evans, American golf champion (b. 1890) November 11 – Dimitri Tiomkin, Russian film composer (b. 1894) November 17 – Immanuel Velikovsky, Russian author and psychiatrist (b. 1895) November 21 Marie Byles, Australian conservationist (b. 1900) Paul Wexler, American actor (b. 1929) November 23 – Merle Oberon, British actress (b. 1911) November 29 – Zeppo Marx, American actor and comedian (b. 1901) December 3 – Dhyan Chand, Indian hockey player (b. 1905) December 10 – Ann Dvorak, American actress (b. 1911) December 13 – Jon Hall, American actor (b. 1915) December 15 – Ethel Lackie, American Olympic swimmer (b. 1907) December 22 – Darryl F. Zanuck, American film producer (b. 1902) December 23 – Peggy Guggenheim, American art collector (b. 1898) December 25 Joan Blondell, American actress (b. 1906) Jordi Bonet, Canadian artist (b. 1932) Lee Bowman, American actor (b. 1914) December 27 – Hafizullah Amin, General Secretary of the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan, President of Afghanistan (b. 1929) December 30 – Richard Rodgers, American composer (b. 1902) Unknown dates Dave Line, British author Nobel Prizes Physics – Sheldon Lee Glashow, Abdus Salam, Steven Weinberg Chemistry – Herbert C. Brown, Georg Wittig Medicine – Allan M. Cormack, Godfrey N. Hounsfield Literature – Odysseas Elytis Peace – Mother Teresa Economics – Theodore Schultz, Arthur Lewis Notes ^ BBC “On this Day” ^ [1] ^ Google book review: Turnen and sport: transatlantic transfers author: Annette R. Hofmann, accessed: 12 January 2010 ^ US Marine Corps ^ http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/november/9/newsid_2516000/2516015.stm ^ False Alarms on the Nuclear Front Wikimedia Commons has media related to: 1979